Prolongation of Battery Lifetime for Electric Buses through Flywheel Integration

Glücker, Philipp; Kivekäs, Klaus; Vepsäläinen, Jari; Mouratidis, Panagiotis; Schneider, Maximilian; Rinderknecht, Stephan; Tammi, Kari

doi:10.3390/en14040899

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…To optimize the distribution of braking torque to electric torque in the system, a GA-based control strategy is used to realize the current distribution between the battery and the flywheel [130]. FESSs have been used to extend the battery life of electric vehicles, and the control effects of FESSs have been compared with different configurations and different control strategies [131]. A rail transit vehicle has a large mass and a great deal of braking kinetic energy.…”

Section: Energy Recovery Storage and Utilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Flywheel Energy Storage System Technologies

Xu,

Guo,

Lei

et al. 2023

Energies

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The operation of the electricity network has grown more complex due to the increased adoption of renewable energy resources, such as wind and solar power. Using energy storage technology can improve the stability and quality of the power grid. One such technology is flywheel energy storage systems (FESSs). Compared with other energy storage systems, FESSs offer numerous advantages, including a long lifespan, exceptional efficiency, high power density, and minimal environmental impact. This article comprehensively reviews the key components of FESSs, including flywheel rotors, motor types, bearing support technologies, and power electronic converter technologies. It also presents the diverse applications of FESSs in different scenarios. The progress of state-of-the-art research is discussed, emphasizing the use of artificial intelligence methods such as machine learning, digital twins, and data-driven techniques for system simulation, fault prediction, and life-assessment research. The article also addresses the challenges related to current research and the application of FESSs. It concludes by summarizing future directions and trends in FESS research, offering valuable information for further advancement and improvement in this field.

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Section: Energy Recovery Storage and Utilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Flywheel Energy Storage System Technologies

Xu,

Guo,

Lei

et al. 2023

Energies

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“…On the motor side, the transmitted power is D m ω m P f which is the power of wind at the motorhead, or P m ¼ 0:5η tp η vp η vm ρπR 2 C max v 3 . Using power balance and substituting the (11), The optimum motor displacement to obtain the maximum power coefficient (C max ) is obtained as follows:…”

Section: Optimal Motor Displacement Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,5 Therefore, most new renewable energy installations require energy storage to improve the power generation profile and attenuate the effects of intermittent power generation. To this end, various energy storage can be employed such as battery ESS (BESS), 6,7 superconducting magnetic ESS (SMESS), 8 supercapacitor ESS (SCESS), 9 flywheel ESS (FESS), 10,11 compressed air ESS (CAESS), 12 pumped hydro ESS (PHESS), 13 and thermal ESS (TESS). 14 Nevertheless, these energy storage systems have different characteristics, including response time, energy and power density, life cycle, and investment cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid energy storage characterization for power profile enhancement in split‐shaft wind energy conversion systems

Akbari

Izadian

2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary This paper characterizes an integrated hybrid energy storage unit required to support the new generator excitation system developed for doubly‐fed induction generators in the split‐shaft wind energy conversion units. The goal is to improve the power quality while significantly reducing the generator excitation power rating and component counts. The rotor excitation circuit is modified to directly include the storage to its DC link. The output power fluctuation can be attenuated solely by utilizing the rotor‐side converter making it self‐sufficient from the grid connection. The storage characteristics are identified based on several system design parameters, including the system inertia, inverter capacity, and energy storage capacity. The obtained power generation characteristics suggest an energy storage mix of fast‐acting types with a high energy capacity and moderate acting time. A feedback controller is designed to maintain the charge in the storage within the required limits. Adaptive model‐predictive control is also developed to reduce power generation fluctuations. The proposed system is investigated and simulated in MATLAB Simulink at different wind speeds to validate the results and demonstrate the system's dynamic performance. It is demonstrated that the system's inertia is critical to damping the high‐frequency oscillations of the wind power fluctuations. It is also shown that the bandwidth of the control system is determined by the system inertia and the size of the storage and inverter power rating.

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“…Flywheel batteries, a new concept of energy storage devices, push the limits of chemical batteries and achieve physical energy storage through the high-speed rotation of a flywheel [1][2][3]. After years of development, flywheel energy storage technology has become relatively mature and is widely used in various scenarios, including electric vehicles [4][5][6][7]. However, when applied to vehicle applications, the stability of a magnetic bearing-flywheel system will be reduced by the additional disturbances from the vehicle vibration system (such as the automobile suspension), foundation motion (namely driving conditions), road conditions, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Vehicle-Mounted Flywheel Battery Considering Automobile Suspension and Pulse Road Excitation

Zhang

2023

Energies

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The existing model of magnetic suspension force for flywheel batteries mainly focuses on the internal magnetic field and foundation motions. However, when applied to vehicle-mounted occasions, the accuracy of the model will inevitably be affected by the vehicle vibration system and road conditions. Therefore, in view of the shortcomings of the existing research, a typical road condition (pulse road excitation) is taken as an example in this study to establish a model of magnetic suspension force that comprehensively considers automobile suspension and pulse road excitation. First, on the basis of a static model for magnetic suspension force using the equivalent magnetic circuit method, a magnetic suspension force dynamic model that takes into account the influence of automobile suspension and pulse road excitation is established. The rules of dynamic response under the influence of automobile suspension and pulse road excitation are summarized, and the foundation offset is corrected in the form of main migration points. Therefore, a correction model of magnetic suspension force is established. Finally, performance tests are carried out. The better anti-interference capability of the correction model is proven by the experimental results.

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Prolongation of Battery Lifetime for Electric Buses through Flywheel Integration

Cited by 8 publications

References 39 publications

A Review of Flywheel Energy Storage System Technologies

A Review of Flywheel Energy Storage System Technologies

Hybrid energy storage characterization for power profile enhancement in split‐shaft wind energy conversion systems

Modeling of Vehicle-Mounted Flywheel Battery Considering Automobile Suspension and Pulse Road Excitation

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