Prolonged consumption of energy drinks does not affect the processes of memory, and increases the activity of transaminases, and cholesterol concentration – animal model study results

Abstract

A -Study Design, B -Data Collection, C -Statistical analysis, D -Data interpretation, E -Manuscript Preparation, F -Literature Search, G -Funds CollectionBackground. the consumption of energy drinks (ed) is popular among young people. there are concerns that it could be harmful for their health. Objectives. the aim of the study was to analyze the influence of ed consumption on animals for 30 subsequent days on memory, weight gain and biochemical parameters (alanine transaminase-aLt, asparagine transaminase-ast, creatinine, cholesterol and glycated hemoglobin-Hba 1c ). Material and methods. the study was conducted on 32 mice (16 females and 16 males). the mice received standard feed for rodents ad libitum. the animals were randomly assigned to four groups (8 animals each): i -female controls provided with water ad libitum, ii -females provided with ED ad libitum, iii -male controls provided with water, and iV -males provided with ed. every 7 days memory retention in a passive avoidance task, and fresh spatial memory in a Y-maze were checked. the results were analyzed with statistica 10.0. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. the consumption of ed did not affect fresh spatial memory or memory retention in the experiment. Males drinking ed gained weight at a faster rate than control males. ed significantly increased the activity of ast in the blood sera of females and, to a lesser degree, of aLt in both males and females drinking ed. ed did not significantly affect the concentration of creatinine or Hba 1c , but significantly increased the concentration of cholesterol in the blood of males from group iV. Conclusions. the prolonged consumption of ed does not affect memory processes, but increases the activity of transaminases and cholesterol concentration in blood sera in the mice model. Key words: memory, cholesterol, energy drink, transaminases.

The metabolic disorders associated with chronic consumption of soft and energy drinks in rats*

“…It was found that EDs induce several adverse effects but the most common is cardiovascular, neurological, and liver impairment, with no positive effect on the memory process (Ali et al, 2015;Nieradko-Iwanicka & Pośnik, 2016). Theses side effects were mainly related to the high content of caffeine in addition to the effect of the other ingredients included in these drinks (Gheith, 2017).…”

Sucrose or sucrose and caffeine differentially impact memory and anxiety-like behaviours, and alter hippocampal parvalbumin and doublecortin

“…In contrast, CafSuc and control treatment groups showed intact place recognition and novel object recognition memory. This indicates that the addition of caffeine to sucrose solution may protect against sucrose-evoked cognitive deficits in hippocampal-mediated memory (Nieradko-Iwanicka et al, 2016) and caffeine may improve hippocampal function (Ardais et al, 2014;Sahu et al, 2013). Furthermore, CafSuc treatment improved long-term object memory performance relative to Suc treatment, demonstrating that the addition of caffeine to sucrose may enhance aspects of memory consolidation.…”

“…Despite the generally cognitive enhancing properties of caffeine, sugar-sweetened energy drinks have been linked to both positive (Wesnes et al, 2017) and negative (Van Batenburg-Eddes et al, 2014) cognitive outcomes. A recent study suggested that the addition of caffeine to sucrose solution may protect against sucrose-induced deficits in hippocampal-mediated memory, as mice with 10% sucrose + 0.03% caffeine access for 30 days showed intact place memory in the Y-Maze (Nieradko-Iwanicka et al, 2016).…”

The Dark Side of Energy Drinks: A Comprehensive Review of Their Impact on the Human Body

“…At higher doses, they observed renal vascular congestion, the bleeding of interstitial tissue, focal atrophy, and the degeneration of the lining epithelium of the proximal and distal convoluted tubules. Nieradko Iwanicka and colleagues [ 122 ] studied the effects of the ad libitum consumption of energy drinks in mice on memory, body weight and laboratory parameters. After 30 days of the experiment, the researchers observed weight gain in male mice, an increase in serum transaminases and cholesterol concentration, but no memory-related changes.…”