Prolonged Dormancy inLeptinotarsa decemlineata(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): A Ten-Year Field Study with Implications for Crop Rotation

Energy and lipid metabolism during direct and diapause development in a pierid butterfly

“…However, other fuel sources cannot be ruled out and measuring carbohydrate fluxes during diapause in P. napi is an important next step. Indirectly, observations on insects that can overwinter for multiple years in extended diapause also suggest slow utilization of stored energy (Hanski, 1988;Tauber and Tauber, 2002), especially under optimal conditions, as the stable 2°C used here probably reflects (Williams et al, 2012). Pupae overwintering in the field face both higher day temperatures and larger thermal variability, which is likely to increase energy depletion (Irwin and Lee, 2003).…”

Colorado Potato Beetle Resistance to Insecticides

“…In the western Ukraine, 0.4-6.5% of beetles overwintering in sandy soils remained dormant for 2 years, but all beetles overwintering in clay soils emerged after the first winter (Ushatinskaya 1962(Ushatinskaya , 1966. Similarly, between 0-7.2% of beetles in upstate New York emerged after more than one winter in dormancy (Tauber and Tauber 2002). Incidence of prolonged diapause was even higher in Washington State, where 16-21% of overwintering adults emerged after two winters, and up to 2% emerged after three winters (Biever and Chauvin 1990).…”

Population dependent effects of photoperiod on diapause related physiological traits in an invasive beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata)

“…At the end of the overwintering period, beetles become sensitive to soil temperature, and terminate diapause and emerge when temperatures rise above 10°C (Alyokhin 2009). Diapause normally lasts one winter season, but can also be prolonged and last up to 9 years (Tauber and Tauber 2002). Another interesting characteristic is the large variation of diapause responses found on the population level; where around 20 % of newly eclosed adults in all thus far studied populations enter diapause regardless of environmental conditions (Danilevski 1965, Hsiao 1985, Tauber et al 1986, de Kort 1990.…”

“…Another fact which suggests that lipids are used for post-diapause demands rather than during diapause itself, is the energetically and physiologically demanding up to 9 years lasting prolonged diapause in L. decemlineata (Tauber & Tauber 2002). If energy stores would be severely depleted after one overwintering season, then a prolonged dormancy of 9 consecutive seasons (without intermittent feeding), should be energetically very challenging (see Hanski 1988).…”