Prolonged dry apnoea: effects on brain activity and physiological functions in breath-hold divers and non-divers

Ратманова, П. О.; Semenyuk, Roxana; Popov, D. V.; Kuznetsov, Sergey; Zelenkova, Irina; Напалков, Д. А.; Виноградова, О. Л.

doi:10.1007/s00421-016-3390-2

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The results confirm earlier case reports in which Schellart and Reits (1999) performed a pilot study measuring EEG and MEG during pBH of only two subjects, while recording and analyzing VEPs and P300. The results are also in agreement with one EEG-based study which could not detect significant changes in spectral power analysis (Ratmanova et al, 2016). However, they are in contrast to other EEG-based studies that were able to detect changes in neuronal emotional (Menicucci et al, 2014) processing (ERPs) and brain oscillations (Steinberg et al, 2017) due to pBH.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…By neglecting inter-individual BH capacities, we limited the BH time to 4 min for all freedivers for several reasons: (1) we wanted to analyze a comparable amount of stimuli for all participants, for each phase of BH and task in order to avoid strong inter-subject variability in terms of BH times and stimuli presented, which could influence the ERPs; (2) due to the BH ability of 5 min of every freediver, we were certain that all of them would be able to complete the full duration of stimuli presentation; (3) as discussed in greater detail in our previous publication and in “Experimental Tasks: Visual Oddball and Checker Board Reversal Task,” our approach limited the intrusion of muscular artifacts in the EEG due to strong diaphragm contraction during the final phase of pBH as reported previously (Ratmanova et al, 2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Thus, pBH performance up to the individual limit requires strong emotional self-regulatory components, which is a factor that is potentially reflected in a lateralised cortical processing (i.e., stronger left prefrontal activity at the end of a 4 min long pBH phase), as observed in our recent study using electroencephalographic (EEG) measurements (Steinberg et al, 2017). Except for a few other studies using EEG to measure general brain activity patterns and emotional responses (Menicucci et al, 2014; Ratmanova et al, 2016; Steinberg et al, 2017), almost nothing is known about how higher level cortical processing and neuro-electrical activity is affected by pBH, possibly due to the limitations of measuring such aspects within a short time frame during pBH phases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurocognitive Markers During Prolonged Breath-Holding in Freedivers: An Event-Related EEG Study

Steinberg

Doppelmayr

2019

Front. Physiol.

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Since little is known concerning the psychological, cognitive, and neurophysiological factors that are involved in and important for phases of prolonged breath-holding (pBH) in freedivers, the present study uses electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate event-related neurocognitive markers during pBH of experienced freedivers that regularly train pBH. The purpose was to determine whether the well-known neurophysiological modulations elicited by hypoxic and hypercapnic conditions can also be detected during pBH induced hypoxic hypercapnia. Ten experienced free-divers (all male, aged 35.10 ± 7.89 years) were asked to hold their breath twice for 4 min per instance. During the first pBH, a checker board reversal task was presented and in the second four-min pBH phase a classical visual oddball paradigm was performed. A visual evoked potential (VEP) as an index of early visual processing (i.e., latencies and amplitudes of N75, P100, and N145) and the latency and amplitude of a P300 component (visual oddball paradigm) as an index of cognitive processing were investigated. In a counter-balanced cross-over design, all tasks were once performed during normal breathing (B), and once during pBH. All components were then compared between an early pBH (0–2 min) and a later pBH stage (2–4 min) and with the same time phases without pBH (i.e., during normal breathing). Statistical analyses using analyses of variance (ANOVA) revealed that comparisons between B and pBH yielded no significant changes either in the amplitude and latency of the VEP or in the P300. This indicates that neurocognitive markers, whether in an early visual processing stream or at a later cognitive processing stage, were not affected by pBH in experienced free-divers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurocognitive Markers During Prolonged Breath-Holding in Freedivers: An Event-Related EEG Study

Steinberg

Doppelmayr

2019

Front. Physiol.

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“…In seals, EEG was changing from alpha low voltage activity to prevalence of high voltage slow waves ( 79 ). Apnea alone does not produce significant changes in EEG ( 80 ). Trigeminal stimulation has been proposed to suppress seizure-like EEG synchronization ( 81 , 82 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diving Response in Rats: Role of the Subthalamic Vasodilator Area

2016

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Diving response (DR) is a powerful integrative response targeted toward survival of the hypoxic/anoxic conditions. Being present in all animals and humans, it allows to survive adverse conditions like diving. Earlier, we discovered that forehead stimulation affords neuroprotective effect, decreasing infarction volume triggered by permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rats. We hypothesized that cold stimulation of the forehead induces DR in rats, which, in turn, exerts neuroprotection. We compared autonomic [AP, heart rate (HR), cerebral blood flow (CBF)] and EEG responses to the known DR-triggering stimulus, ammonia stimulation of the nasal mucosa, cold stimulation of the forehead, and cold stimulation of the glabrous skin of the tail base in anesthetized rats. Responses in AP, HR, CBF, and EEG to cold stimulation of the forehead and ammonia vapors instillation into the nasal cavity were comparable and differed significantly from responses to the cold stimulation of the tail base. Excitotoxic lesion of the subthalamic vasodilator area (SVA), which is known to participate in CBF regulation and to afford neuroprotection upon excitation, failed to affect autonomic components of the DR evoked by forehead cold stimulation or nasal mucosa ammonia stimulation. We conclude that cold stimulation of the forehead triggers physiological response comparable to the response evoked by ammonia vapor instillation into nasal cavity, which is considered as stimulus triggering protective DR. These observations may explain the neuroprotective effect of the forehead stimulation. Data demonstrate that SVA does not directly participate in the autonomic adjustments accompanying DR; however, it is involved in diving-evoked modulation of EEG. We suggest that forehead stimulation can be employed as a stimulus capable of triggering oxygen-conserving DR and can be used for neuroprotective therapy.

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“…These world records have given rise to physiological studies that reveal patterns of adaptation during breath holding, such as mammalian dive response [3,4]. In recent decades, an interest in the neuropsychological consequences of prolonged breath holding [5,6] and the personal characteristics of free divers has arisen [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological Mediation of Dysfunction and Hyperfunction of Respiratory Regulation

Koniukhovskaia

Pervichko

2019

Behavioral Sciences

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This research investigates the continuum between the dysfunction and the hyperfunction of breath regulation and presents the psychological mediation that supports or disrupts this regulation. The pilot study compared breathing regulation in patients with hyperventilation syndrome (HVS), free divers, and healthy volunteers. To examine the ability of voluntary respiration regulation, breath holding involving “easy-going” and “struggling” phases was used. Psychological mediation was assessed through (a) respiratory experience interviews, (b) anxiety levels, and (c) psycho-semantic techniques. Free divers have a bigger “positive breathing vocabulary” and can endure the conflict between the physiological need to inhale and the voluntary motivation to hold their breath for longer. The connection between emotions and negative breathing experience in patients with HVS leads to less breathing control.

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Prolonged dry apnoea: effects on brain activity and physiological functions in breath-hold divers and non-divers

Cited by 14 publications

References 30 publications

Neurocognitive Markers During Prolonged Breath-Holding in Freedivers: An Event-Related EEG Study

Neurocognitive Markers During Prolonged Breath-Holding in Freedivers: An Event-Related EEG Study

Diving Response in Rats: Role of the Subthalamic Vasodilator Area

Psychological Mediation of Dysfunction and Hyperfunction of Respiratory Regulation

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