Prolonged Magnesium Deficiency Causes Osteoporosis in the Rat

Abstract

Experimentally induced prolonged Mg deficiency causes osteoporosis in rats.

Predicting Cortical Bone Strength from DXA and Dental Cone-Beam CT

“…We further analyzed the findings of studies that used rat femurs. The measured femur fracture load was 111.26±12.63 N in our study, while it was 162.22±17.06 N, 163±26.1 N (for a daily intake of 2000 ppm Mg), and 340±60 N (estimated from figures) in the studies of Jiang et al [19], Stendig-Lindberg et al [39], and Iwamoto [42], respectively. In addition to factors such as the type, age, and weight of the rats possibly leading to significantly different results, the span distance between the two ends in the three-point bending test is a primary factor influencing the measured fracture load.…”

“…Although the results of studies that use bones from large animals with similar bone structures to humans, such as dogs and goats, are more appreciated, many studies have used rat femurs or tibias in such tests [9], [19], [37], [38]. In addition, although the three-point bending test does not measure the pure bending moment, since this type of measurement includes the shear stress, it is used for measuring bone strength [6], [9], [10], [18], [19], [37], [39], [40] more often than are compression, torsion, and tension tests. Furthermore, the groups in this study were larger (comprising 14 samples/group) than the recommended minimum of 11 samples proposed by Leppanen et al [41] when applying the three-point bending test to evaluate the bone fracture load.…”

Effects of magnesium intake deficiency on bone metabolism and bone tissue around osseointegrated implants

“…Animal studies with different levels of deficiency showed bone loss, characterized by a decrease of trabecular bone volume, followed by an increase in the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and alteration in secretion and action of the parathyroid hormone (PTH), contributing to the decrease in bone formation (Rude et al 2004, 2005, 2006). For a prolonged period (12 months), a magnesium deficient‐diet induced the bone mass loss of lumbar vertebrae and femurs in addition to biomechanical and histomorphometric changes of bone tissue in rats, similar to those in human osteoporosis (Stendig‐Lindberg et al 2004). For this reason, it was hypothesized that bone changes caused by magnesium deficiency could be a risk factor for the maintenance of the implants to the extent that they affect bone remodeling.…”

Osteoconductive Potential of Mesoporous Titania Implant Surfaces Loaded with Magnesium: An Experimental Study in the Rabbit

“…Conversely, the degree of viable cell coverage on surfaces in the presence of Mg ions was found to be higher with increasing Mg doses, although excessively high concentrations of Mg were detrimental for cells, possibly due to alkalinity . Magnesium deficiency has been correlated with impaired bone growth, skeletal fragility, and osteoporosis in rats, probably due to an uncoupling of bone proliferation and bone resorption . In addition, mineral metabolism and calcification in bone are influenced by Mg ions, which are known to bind at active growth sites during hydroxyapatite crystallization and to hinder the formation of excessively big and perfect crystals that would make the bone brittle .…”