Prolonged Physical Training Decreases mRNA Levels of Glucocorticoid Receptor and Inflammatory Genes

Silva, Tatiane Sousa e; Longui, Carlos Alberto; Rocha, Mylene Neves; Faria, Cláudia Dutra Costantin; Melo, Murilo Rezende; Faria, Thelma Gomes; Souza, Julio Antonio de; Rizzo, Luiz Vicente

doi:10.1159/000313586

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…28 Lambert et al 3 found that mRNAs for proteins involved in inflammation were significantly reduced by 12 weeks of aerobic and resistance-training exercise but not by weight loss in obese elderly individuals with functional impairment. 3 Sousa et al 35 found that prolonged physical exercise reduced mRNA levels of NF-κB1, inhibitor of Nf-κB1, and Ikβ kinase A. Researchers also observed a concomitant reduction in cytokine concentrations.…”

Section: Repeated Boutsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[19][20][21] Other research has investigated the relationship between cytokines and muscle damage more directly by comparing cytokine responses to concentric versus eccentric actions, 19,[22][23][24][25] submaximal versus maximal eccentric contraction, [26][27][28][29][30][31] and single versus repeated bouts of eccentric exercise. 23,28,[32][33][34][35] …”

Section: Exercise and Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Helpful or Harmful? Potential Effects of Exercise on Select Inflammatory Conditions

Thomas

2013

The Physician and Sportsmedicine

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Inflammation has been characterized as a double-edged sword, requiring a balance between health as maintained by regular exercise and activities that would exacerbate inflammatory diseases. The influence of exercise on inflammation is complex and has been widely studied in both healthy patient populations as well as populations of patients with many inflammatory and/or autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Inflammatory markers can be affected by the type of exercise and muscle contraction, as well as the intensity, duration, and consistency of the exercise sessions. Because of these potentially important effects, many members of the general public, as well as some clinicians, believe that exercise could exacerbate symptoms and accelerate the progression of such conditions. The effects of different types of exercise have been studied among patients with inflammatory conditions such as ankylosing spondylitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia, and idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, as well as congestive heart failure, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome, which are considered low-grade systemic inflammatory diseases. This review will help exercise professionals and clinicians understand the effects of exercise on inflammatory markers, as well as offer effective treatment options and recommendations for patients exercising with rheumatic or inflammatory conditions.

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Section: Repeated Boutsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Exercise and Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helpful or Harmful? Potential Effects of Exercise on Select Inflammatory Conditions

Thomas

2013

The Physician and Sportsmedicine

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“…In 18 male cadets in the Brazilian Air Force Academy, 6 weeks of intensive exercise training led to a reduction in basal cortisol levels, and in glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA levels and decreased glucocorticoid sensitivity, measured as the response to intravenous low‐dose dexamethasone 45, 46. Binding capacity of GRs in peripheral blood monocytes was lower in semiprofessional soccer players than in young and older comparison subjects 47. Highly trained swimmers had substantially lower GR‐α mRNA expression than untrained control subjects 48.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerobic Exercise Training and Inducible Inflammation: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy, Young Adults

Sloan

Shapiro

McKinley

et al. 2018

JAHA

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BackgroundConsensus panels regularly recommend aerobic exercise for its health‐promoting properties, due in part to presumed anti‐inflammatory effects, but many studies show no such effect, possibly related to study differences in participants, interventions, inflammatory markers, and statistical approaches. This variability makes an unequivocal determination of the anti‐inflammatory effects of aerobic training elusive.Methods and ResultsWe conducted a randomized controlled trial of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training or a wait list control condition followed by 4 weeks of sedentary deconditioning on lipopolysaccharide (0, 0.1, and 1.0 ng/mL)‐inducible tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and on toll‐like receptor 4 in 119 healthy, sedentary young adults. Aerobic capacity by cardiopulmonary exercise testing was measured at study entry (T1) and after training (T2) and deconditioning (T3). Despite a 15% increase in maximal oxygen consumption, there were no changes in inflammatory markers. Additional analyses revealed a differential longitudinal aerobic exercise training effect by lipopolysaccharide level in inducible TNF‐α (P=0.08) and IL‐6 (P=0.011), showing T1 to T2 increases rather than decreases in inducible (lipopolysaccharide 0.1, 1.0 versus 0.0 ng/mL) TNF‐α (51% increase, P=0.041) and IL‐6 (42% increase, P=0.11), and significant T2 to T3 decreases in inducible TNF‐α (54% decrease, P=0.007) and IL‐6 (55% decrease, P<0.001). There were no significant changes in either group at the 0.0 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide level for TNF‐α or IL‐6.ConclusionsThe failure to support the primary hypotheses and the unexpected post hoc findings of an exercise‐training–induced proinflammatory response raise questions about whether and under what conditions exercise training has anti‐inflammatory effects.Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01335737.

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“…Few other studies in the literature have examined NFkB and exercise, however, in a similar experimental paradigm, neither cafeteria diet nor exercise were found to affect NFkB mRNA in hippocampus or PFC of mice (Auer et al, 2015), although the diet used in that study was significantly different from the Western diet used in the present study, which may partially explain the discrepant results. In humans, it has been shown that prolonged physical training also decreased mRNA expression of multiple NFKB-related genes in blood (Sousa e Silva et al, 2010). When considered on a single gene level, voluntary exercise (as opposed to forced) appeared to exert little effect on the proinflammatory profile in the prefrontal cortex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voluntary exercise blocks Western diet-induced gene expression of the chemokines CXCL10 and CCL2 in the prefrontal cortex

Carlin

Grissom

Ying

et al. 2016

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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Obesity increases inflammation, both peripherally and centrally, and exercise can ameliorate some of the negative health outcomes associated with obesity. Within the brain, the effect of obesity on inflammation has been well characterized in the hypothalamus and hippocampus, but has been relatively understudied in other brain regions. The current study was designed to address two primary questions; (1) whether western diet (high fat/high sucrose) consumption would increase markers of inflammation in the prefrontal cortex and (2) whether concurrent voluntary wheel running would ameliorate any inflammation. Adult male mice were exposed to a western diet or a control diet for 8 weeks. Concurrently, half the animals were given running wheels in their home cages, while half did not have access to wheels. At the conclusion of the study, prefrontal cortex was removed and expression of 18 proinflammatory genes was assayed. Expression of a number of proinflammatory molecules was upregulated by consumption of the western diet. For two chemokines, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) and C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10), voluntary exercise blocked the increase in the expression of these genes. Cluster analysis confirmed that the majority of the tested genes were upregulated by western diet, and identified another small cluster of genes that were downregulated by either diet or exercise. These data identify a proinflammatory phenotype within the prefrontal cortex of mice fed a western diet, and indicate that chemokine induction can be blocked by voluntary exercise.

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Prolonged Physical Training Decreases mRNA Levels of Glucocorticoid Receptor and Inflammatory Genes

Cited by 25 publications

References 60 publications

Helpful or Harmful? Potential Effects of Exercise on Select Inflammatory Conditions

Helpful or Harmful? Potential Effects of Exercise on Select Inflammatory Conditions

Aerobic Exercise Training and Inducible Inflammation: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy, Young Adults

Voluntary exercise blocks Western diet-induced gene expression of the chemokines CXCL10 and CCL2 in the prefrontal cortex

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