Prolonged pseudoaldosteronism induced by glycyrrhizin.

Takeda, Ryuji; Morimoto, Shinji; Uchida, Keiji; Nakai, Tsuguhiko; Miyamoto, Masaji; Hashiba, Tetsuji; Yoshimitsu, Kohei; Kim, Kyung Soo; Miwa, Umeo

doi:10.1507/endocrj1954.26.541

Cited by 29 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Although there is growing evidence regarding the potential therapeutic use of active components from licorice root extracts for NAFLD, caution must be taken as Glycyrrhiza has a well-known pseudoaldosterone side effect when large doses are ingested [14] . The symptoms of pseudoaldosterone syndrome include hypertension, hypokalemia, sodium and water retention, low plasma renin activity, and suppressed urine and serum aldosterone levels [15] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of Free Fatty Acid-Induced Hepatic Lipotoxicity in HepG2 Cells by Magnesium Isoglycyrrhizinate in vitro

et al. 2009

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Background/Aims: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease that threatens public health, and current therapies remain limited. This study investigated the protective effect of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate (MGL), a novel compound, against free fatty acid (FFA)-induced lipotoxicity in a cellular model of steatosis. Methods: HepG2 cells were incubated with 1 mmol/l FFAs together with MGL for 24 h. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was determined by Hoechst staining. Intracellular lipids were measured by flow cytometry using Nile red. Mitochondrial function was analyzed by detecting transmembrane potential, cytochrome c release and reactive oxygen species’ production. Results: MGL protected cell viability and dramatically decreased FFA-induced cell apoptosis and lipid accumulation. MGL was found to inhibit mitochondrial transmembrane polarization, and decrease mitochondrial cytochrome c release and the generation of reactive oxygen species. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that MGL attenuates FFA-induced lipotoxicity by reducing mitochondrial damage, which indicates a promising therapeutic intervention for NAFLD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of Free Fatty Acid-Induced Hepatic Lipotoxicity in HepG2 Cells by Magnesium Isoglycyrrhizinate in vitro

et al. 2009

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“…Treatment with SNMC is not without side effects, which are seen in a minority of patients; the main side effects are hypertension, sodium and fluid retention, worsening ascites, and hypokalemia (44,45). Glycyrrhizin should be used cautiously in patients with a history of hypertension or renal failure or currently using cardiac glycosides.…”

Section: Glycyrrhizin (Licorice Root Extract)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbal Medicines for Liver Diseases

2005

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Herbal medicines have been used in the treatment of liver diseases for a long time. A number of herbal preparations are available in the market. This article reviews four commonly used herbal preparations: (1) Phyllanthus, (2) Silybum marianum (milk thistle), (3) glycyrrhizin (licorice root extract), and (4) Liv 52 (mixture of herbs). Phyllanthus has a positive effect on clearance of HBV markers and there are no major adverse effects; there are no data from randomized controlled trials on clinically relevant outcomes, such as progression of chronic hepatitis to cirrhosis and/or liver cancer, and on survival. Silymarin does not reduce mortality and does not improve biochemistry and histology among patients with chronic liver disease; however, it appears to be safe and well tolerated. Stronger neominophagen C (SNMC) is a Japanese preparation that contains 0.2% glycyrrhizin, 0.1% cysteine, and 2% glyceine. SNMC does not have antiviral properties; it primarily acts as an anti-inflammatory or cytoprotective drug. It improves mortality in patients with subacute liver failure and improves liver functions in patients with subacute hepatic failure, chronic hepatitis, and cirrhosis with activity. SNMC does not reduce mortality among patients with cirrhosis with activity. SNMC may prevent the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis C, however, prospective data are lacking. Liv 52, an Ayurvedic hepatoprotective agent, is not useful in the management of alcohol-induced liver disease. Standardization of herbal medicines has been a problem and prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials are lacking to support their efficacy. The methodological qualities of clinical trials of treatment with herbal preparations are poor. The efficacy of these herbal preparations need to be evaluated in rigorously designed, larger randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trials.

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“…Moreover, GZ was recently reported to inhibit the replication of the SARS-associated viruses (SARS-CV) (Cinatl et al, 2003). Overconsumption of GZ results in an adverse effect, aldosteronism (Takeda et al, 1979). Glycyrrhetic acid (GA) is the active metabolite of GZ and also a minor component of licorice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%