Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Patients Receiving Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibodies: A Diagnostic Challenged by Negative Nasopharyngeal RT-PCR and Successful Treatment with COVID-19 High-Titer Convalescent Plasma

Da Silva, Léa; Klopfenstein, Timothée; Gendrin, Vincent; Clouet, Julien; Toko, Lynda; Richier, Quentin; Leriche, Thomas; Nicolas, Raoul; Queijo, Alexis; Sreiri, Nour; Lacombe, Karine; Zayet, Souheil

doi:10.3390/v15112220

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2024

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Cited by 3 publications

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Convalescent plasma in patients receiving Rituximab or Ocrelizumab for Multiple Sclerosis or Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder with COVID-19: A Multicenter Retrospective Study

Dequidt,

Richier,

Louapre

et al. 2024

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Convalescent plasma in patients receiving Rituximab or Ocrelizumab for Multiple Sclerosis or Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder with COVID-19: A Multicenter Retrospective Study

Dequidt,

Richier,

Louapre

et al. 2024

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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COVID-19 in patients with interstitial lung disease

Vasarmidi,

Le Guen,

Goletto

et al. 2024

COVID-19: An Update

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Challenges in Diagnosis of COVID-19 Pneumonia under Ocrelizumab and De-Risking Strategies in Multiple Sclerosis—The Elephant Is (Still) in the Room

Mariottini,

Lotti,

Damato

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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Severe SARS-CoV-2 infections may still be observed in people bearing risk factors, such as the use of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), which are adopted in several autoimmune disorders including multiple sclerosis (MS). COVID-19 diagnosis is routinely based on nasopharyngeal swab testing, but suboptimal sensitivity for SARS-CoV-2 detection compared to bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) may lead to misdiagnosis in some cases. Such diagnostic issues were described in a few MS patients receiving anti-CD20 mAbs, including middle-aged people and lacking information on subsequent MS therapeutic management, a debated topic as no evidence-based guidance on de-risking strategies is currently available. Here, we report the case of a young MS patient who developed severe COVID-19 pneumonia under treatment with the anti-CD20 mAb ocrelizumab, and who was finally diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 by BAL despite repeatedly negative nasopharyngeal swabs. Ocrelizumab was then discontinued, and treatment with a sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor modulator was started, followed by maintenance of clinical and radiological MS stability. Challenges in diagnosing COVID-19 pneumonia in people without risk factors other than immunomodulatory treatment are hence discussed, as well as potential strategies for de-risking MS therapies. The latter topic is increasingly debated based on raising concerns for potential long-term safety issues of high-efficacy treatments, including anti-CD20 mAbs.

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Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Patients Receiving Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibodies: A Diagnostic Challenged by Negative Nasopharyngeal RT-PCR and Successful Treatment with COVID-19 High-Titer Convalescent Plasma

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

Convalescent plasma in patients receiving Rituximab or Ocrelizumab for Multiple Sclerosis or Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder with COVID-19: A Multicenter Retrospective Study

Convalescent plasma in patients receiving Rituximab or Ocrelizumab for Multiple Sclerosis or Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder with COVID-19: A Multicenter Retrospective Study

COVID-19 in patients with interstitial lung disease

Challenges in Diagnosis of COVID-19 Pneumonia under Ocrelizumab and De-Risking Strategies in Multiple Sclerosis—The Elephant Is (Still) in the Room

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