Prolonged stretching of the ankle plantarflexors elicits muscle-tendon adaptations relevant to ankle gait kinetics in children with spastic cerebral palsy

Lorenzo, Teresa Martín; Rocón, Eduardo; Caballero, Ignacio Martínez; Barragán, A. Ramírez; Lerma-Lara, Sergio

doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2017.09.025

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…No effect on muscle volume, belly length, and fascicle length of the medial gastrocnemius muscle was found after 2 weeks of ankle casting after BoNT‐A treatment 20 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…In the study by Stackhouse et al, 19 strength training was compared to NMES. In two studies, the effect of BoNT‐A was combined with either casting 20 or strength training 21 . The study of Williams et al 21 reported the effect of BoNT‐A combined with strength training and the effect of the strength training alone also.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The quality of the nine studies that included BoNT‐A injections ranged from fair 21,26–28 to poor 20,29–32 . The effect of BoNT‐A injections on macroscopic muscle morphology was reported in 5 to 18 children, aged from 2 to 11 years (mean age <10y) except for the study by Van Campenhout et al 32 who included children aged from 7 to 16 years.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the evidence for stretching the muscle by casting or AFOs after BoNT‐A is limited; thus, the underlying mechanisms of the response, that often is reported at the ankle joint level, are unknown. One preliminary, poor‐quality study reported no change in muscle volume, belly, or fascicle length after 2 weeks of casting after BoNT‐A 20 . Besides the small sample size, it is unclear whether the lack of effect on macroscopic muscle morphology could be explained by the short casting period, since a previous report indicated that a short leg cast applied for 3 weeks after BoNT‐A injection was not enough to increase joint mobility, while the change at the muscle and tendon levels was unclear 61 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interventions and lower‐limb macroscopic muscle morphology in children with spastic cerebral palsy: a scoping review

Walhain

Desloovere

Declerck

et al. 2020

Develop Med Child Neuro

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Aim To identify and map studies that have assessed the effect of interventions on lower‐limb macroscopic muscle–tendon morphology in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). Method We conducted a literature search of studies that included pre‐ and post‐treatment measurements of lower‐limb macroscopic muscle‐tendon morphology in children with spastic CP. Study quality was evaluated and significant intervention effects and effect sizes were extracted. Results Twenty‐eight articles were identified. They covered seven different interventions including stretching, botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT‐A), strengthening, electrical stimulation, whole‐body vibration, balance training, and orthopaedic surgery. Study quality ranged from poor (14 out of 28 studies) to good (2 out of 28). Study samples were small (n=4–32) and studies were variable regarding which muscles and macroscopic morphological parameters were assessed. Inconsistent effects after intervention (thickness and cross‐sectional area for strengthening, volume for BoNT‐A), no effect (belly length for stretching), and small effect sizes were reported. Interpretation Intervention studies reporting macroscopic muscle–tendon remodelling after interventions are limited and heterogeneous, making it difficult to generalize results. Studies that include control groups and standardized assessment protocols are needed to improve study quality and data synthesis. Lack or inconclusive effects at the macroscopic level could indicate that the effects of interventions should also be evaluated at the microscopic level. What this paper adds Muscle‐targeted interventions to remodel muscle morphology are not well understood. Studies reporting macroscopic muscle remodelling following interventions are limited and heterogeneous. Passive stretching may preserve but does not increase muscle length. The effects of isolated botulinum neurotoxin A injections on muscle volume are inconsistent. Isolated strengthening shows no consistent increase in muscle volume or thickness.

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“…No effect on muscle volume, belly length, and fascicle length of the medial gastrocnemius muscle was found after 2 weeks of ankle casting after BoNT‐A treatment 20 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Interventions and lower‐limb macroscopic muscle morphology in children with spastic cerebral palsy: a scoping review

Walhain

Desloovere

Declerck

et al. 2020

Develop Med Child Neuro

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These longer muscle phasic activities during each cycle may also contribute to increase the energy cost of walking and thus the fatigability in individuals with CP. In addition, children diagnosed with spastic CP could exhibit a tissue‐ (coactivation) related ankle hyperresistance leading to a reduced passive ankle dorsiflexion during the stance phase of gait . Such phenomenon could contribute toward abnormal locomotion, wasted mechanical energy, and thus high levels of fatigue.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%