ProMECoS: A Process Model for Efficient Standard-Driven Distributed Co-Simulation

Krammer, Martin; Schiffer, Clemens; Benedikt, Martin

doi:10.3390/electronics10050633

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This issue is also addressed in the current work, as it has been one of the problems encountered when simulating closed-loop dynamical systems. In [40] a working methodology based on the IEEE1730 standard that is compatible with the DCP standard is presented. In the presented use case, it is of particular interest that one of the slaves is encapsulated in an FMU.…”

Section: Standards For Model Analysis and Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Generic Interface for x-in-the-Loop Simulations Based on Distributed Co-Simulation Protocol

Segura¹,

Poggi

Bárcena

2023

IEEE Access

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Co-simulation is a key step in the development of today's complex cyber-physical systems (CPS), specially in the integration and validation activities. However, performing a co-simulation involving models developed in different environments and possibly deployed in different platforms with mixed real-time and non real-time constraints is a challenging engineering task. A promising technology that could help overcome communication and synchronisation difficulties is the non-proprietary standard Distributed Co-simulation Protocol (DCP). This standard defines an application-level communication protocol, independent of the platform and the communication medium, that regulates the exchange of information between the co-simulation entities. This paper presents a co-simulation interface based on the DCP standard. It offers a novel approach to apply the DCP standard. Instead of using it as a model encapsulation mechanism, having to develop an specific DCP slave for each application, it is proposed to use it as a generic co-simulation interface. To this end, a Simulink library has been developed, allowing to connect models developed in Simulink with the outside world in an standardised way. Moreover, by exploiting the code generation potential of Simulink, a wide variety of devices become accessible, thus enabling x-in-the-loop simulations, which are commonly used tests in the verification and validation process of CPSs. This library has been tested in a soft real-time co-simulation application between a Simulink instance and an application running on a Xilinx Zynq Ultrascale+ System-on-Chip. As an additional contribution, an analysis of DCP synchronisation problems when simulating closed-loop systems composed of two slaves is performed. Finding that the main causes are the occurrence of random delays and that the simulations of the two slaves start at an arbitrary time. A possible solution to this problem is also presented. INDEX TERMSControl systems, co-simulation interface, distributed co-simulation protocol, model-based design, model testing, simulink, x-in-the-loop.

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Section: Standards For Model Analysis and Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Generic Interface for x-in-the-Loop Simulations Based on Distributed Co-Simulation Protocol

Segura¹,

Poggi

Bárcena

2023

IEEE Access

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“…In the Ref. [17], the aforementioned concepts were further developed into a Process Model for Efficient Distributed Co-Simulation (ProMECoS). This model relates to the standard IEEE 1730, which recommends practices for distributed simulation engineering and execution.…”

Section: Requirements and Model-based Systems Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrified Powertrain Development: Distributed Co-Simulation Protocol Extension for Coupled Test Bench Operations

et al. 2023

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The increasingly stringent CO2 emissions standards require innovative solutions in the vehicle development process. One possibility to reduce CO2 emissions is the electrification of powertrains. The resulting increased complexity, as well as the increased competition and time pressure make the use of simulation software and test benches indispensable in the early development phases. This publication therefore presents a methodology for test bench coupling to enable early testing of electrified powertrains. For this purpose, an internal combustion engine test bench and an electric motor test bench are virtually interconnected. By applying and extending the Distributed Co-Simulation Protocol Standard for the presented hybrid electric powertrain use case, real-time-capable communication between the two test benches is achieved. Insights into the test bench setups, and the communication between the test benches and the protocol extension, especially with regard to temperature measurements, enable the extension to be applied to other powertrain or test bench configurations. The shown results from coupled test bench operations emphasize the applicability. The discussed experiences from the test bench coupling experiments complete the insights.

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“…A lot of research has been dedicated to the practical integration and configuration of the coupling between real and virtual prototypes, which has resulted in the development of the distributed co-simulation protocol (DCP) specification [16]. Just as the FMI facilitates the setup of co-simulations, the DCP standardizes the configuration and operation of the network communication between coupled prototypes, which enables the efficient setup of RVPs, even when the coupled prototypes originate from different vendors [17,18]. Since its introduction, the DCP has been improved several times, for example, in [19], where the DCP was combined with an already existing co-simulation interface to increase its compatibility with certain hardware platforms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the Coupling of Real-Virtual Prototypes: A Method for Latency Compensation

Baumann,

Kotte,

Mikelsons

et al. 2024

Electronics

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Currently, innovations in mechatronic products often occur at the system level, requiring consideration of component interactions throughout the entire development process. In the earlier phases of development, this is accomplished by coupling virtual prototypes such as simulation models. As the development progresses and real prototypes of certain system components become available, real-virtual prototypes (RVPs) are established with the help of network communication. However, network effects—all of which can be interpreted as latencies in simplified terms—distort the system behavior of RVPs. To reduce these distortions, we propose a coupling method for RVPs that compensates for latencies. We present an easily applicable approach by introducing a generic coupling algorithm based on error space extrapolation. Furthermore, we enable online learning by transforming coupling algorithms into feedforward neural networks. Additionally, we conduct a frequency domain analysis to assess the impact of coupling faults and algorithms on the system behavior of RVPs and derive a method for optimally designing coupling algorithms. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the coupling method, we apply it to a hybrid vehicle that is productively used as an RVP in the industry. We show that the optimally designed and trained coupling algorithm significantly improves the credibility of the RVP.

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ProMECoS: A Process Model for Efficient Standard-Driven Distributed Co-Simulation

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

A Generic Interface for x-in-the-Loop Simulations Based on Distributed Co-Simulation Protocol

A Generic Interface for x-in-the-Loop Simulations Based on Distributed Co-Simulation Protocol

Electrified Powertrain Development: Distributed Co-Simulation Protocol Extension for Coupled Test Bench Operations

Enhancing the Coupling of Real-Virtual Prototypes: A Method for Latency Compensation

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