The global HIV/AIDS pandemic remains a burden in the health sector, with endemicity in some parts of the world, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The risk for lymphoma development in the HIV-positive population surpasses that of the HIV-negative population. The pathogenesis of HIV-associated lymphoma is multifactorial, owing to, but not limited to, the inherent oncogenicity of HIV, dysregulation of the immune system and increased opportunistic infections with oncoviruses. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma accounts for more than 80% of HIV-associated lymphomas and is considered an AIDS-defining event. Classical Hodgkin lymphoma, although not considered AIDS-defining, is well documented in persons living with HIV (PLWH). These lymphomas often arise from the B-cell lineage, presenting with an aggressive clinical course. Before combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), the prognosis was dismal. With the advent of effective cART, improved immune function, and more robust chemoimmunotherapeutic options, clinical outcomes have improved significantly.