Promising remedies for cardiovascular disease: Natural polyphenol ellagic acid and its metabolite urolithins

Li, Jingyan; Liao, Ruixue; Zhang, Shijia; Weng, Huimin; Liu, Yuanzhi; Tao, Tianyi; Yu, Fangming; Li, Guang; Wu, Jianming

doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154867

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 215 publications

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“…The oral administration of PPE (100 mg/kg) led to a very early detection of EA in the systemic circulation ( Figure 2 ); indeed, the plasma concentration of EA peaked 1 h after its administration, reaching the maximal concentration of 53 ± 14 ng/mL, as previously reported, but with higher doses of EA [ 26 ]. Four hours after the administration, the concentration of the tannin was negligible.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Of note, a large part of ellagitannins is represented by punicalagins, which gut microbiota transforms into EA at the gastric and colon level and into urolithins at the intestinal level [ 3 , 44 , 45 ]. A limitation to the clinical use of this interesting fruit is represented by the low bioavailability of its metabolites, among which is EA, which totals less than 1% [ 26 ]. Therefore, researchers are currently committed to improving bioavailability, creating new formulations or preparations, including through new or unconventional technologies that can combine high extraction yields and the preservation of nutrients and bioactive compounds, and have a reduced impact on the environment in terms of energy consumption and a lower or no reliance on synthetic solvents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another critical aspect of pomegranate extracts is the low oral bioavailability of ellagitannins, especially EA; indeed, it is reported to be poorly absorbed and endowed with a very low water solubility [ 26 ]. To overcome this challenging difficulty, which can jeopardize intestinal bioaccessibility, several formulations have been developed, such as cellulose ester solid dispersions [ 27 ], cyclodextrin nanosponges [ 28 ], or particle size reduction to microparticles or nanoparticles [ 29 , 30 ], as well as the creation of encapsulation biodegradable systems using polyvinyl alcohol or PVA associated with chitosan (80:20) [ 31 , 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improved Cardiovascular Effects of a Novel Pomegranate Byproduct Extract Obtained through Hydrodynamic Cavitation

Benedetti,

Flori,

Spezzini

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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The healthy properties of pomegranate fruit, a highly consumed food, have been known for a long time. However, the pomegranate supply chain is still rather inefficient, with the non-edible fraction, whose weight is roughly half the total and is endowed with plenty of valuable bioactive compounds, either disposed of or underutilized. A novel extract obtained from non-edible byproducts (called PPE), using hydrodynamic cavitation, a green, efficient, and scalable technique, was investigated for its cardiovascular effects in vivo. PPE showed efficacy in an acute phenylephrine (PE)-induced hypertensive rat model, similar to the extract of whole fruit (PFE) obtained using the same extractive technique, along with good intestinal bioaccessibility after oral administration. Finally, when chronically administered for 6 weeks to spontaneously hypertensive rats, PPE was shown to significantly contain the increase in systolic blood pressure, comparable to the reference drug Captopril, and at a dose remarkably lower than the reported effective dose of ellagic acid. The extract from the non-edible fraction of the pomegranate fruit also showed good anti-inflammation and anti-fibrotic effects. The findings of this study, along with the extraction technique, could contribute to enhancing the value of the pomegranate supply chain, relieve the related environmental burden, and potentially improve public health.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improved Cardiovascular Effects of a Novel Pomegranate Byproduct Extract Obtained through Hydrodynamic Cavitation

Benedetti,

Flori,

Spezzini

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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“…The consumption of foods rich in ETs and EA has been associated with beneficial effects on human health. As a consequence, a plethora of studies have been performed to shed light on the bioactivities of ETs, EA and Uros [6][7][8][9][10]. Recently, an increasing interest has been focused on the bioactivities of Uros and clinical trials have led Uro supplements to enter into the market [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urolithins and Their Precursors Ellagic Acid and Ellagitannins: Natural Sources, Extraction and Methods for Their Determination

Mantzourani,

Kakouri,

Palikaras

et al. 2024

Separations

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In the present review, we discuss the occurrence of ellagitannins (ETs) and ellagic acid (EA) and methods for their isolation from plant materials. We summarize analytical methods, including high-performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet (HPLC–UV) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS), for the determination of ETs, EA and their bioactive metabolites urolithins (Uros) in samples of plant and food origin, as well as in biological samples, such as plasma, urine and feces. In addition, the current interest in the bioactivities of Uros is discussed in brief.

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“…Cardiovascular disease (CVD), encompassing conditions such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, and heart failure (HF), is a major contributor to global mortality. The incidence of CVD has experienced a notable increase [1][2][3][4]. Despite the wide range of pharmaceuticals currently utilized for the management of CVD, such as statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), calcium channel blockers (CCBs), fibrates, and β-blockers, it is important to acknowledge that a significant number of these medications are associated with adverse effects in the human population [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Polyphenols and Their Potential Benefits on Cardiovascular Health: A Review

Iqbal,

Wilairatana,

Saqib

et al. 2023

Molecules

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Fruits, vegetables, and other food items contain phytochemicals or secondary metabolites which may be considered non-essential nutrients but have medicinal importance. These dietary phytochemicals exhibit chemopreventive and therapeutic effects against numerous diseases. Polyphenols are secondary metabolites found in vegetables, fruits, and grains. These compounds exhibit several health benefits such as immune modulators, vasodilators, and antioxidants. This review focuses on recent studies on using dietary polyphenols to treat cardiovascular disorders, atherosclerosis, and vascular endothelium deficits. We focus on exploring the safety of highly effective polyphenols to ensure their maximum impact on cardiac abnormalities and discuss recent epidemiological evidence and intervention trials related to these properties. Kaempferol, quercetin, and resveratrol prevent oxidative stress by regulating proteins that induce oxidation in heart tissues. In addition, polyphenols modulate the tone of the endothelium of vessels by releasing nitric oxide (NO) and reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation to prevent atherosclerosis. In cardiomyocytes, polyphenols suppress the expression of inflammatory markers and inhibit the production of inflammation markers to exert an anti-inflammatory response. Consequently, heart diseases such as strokes, hypertension, heart failure, and ischemic heart disease could be prevented by dietary polyphenols.

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Promising remedies for cardiovascular disease: Natural polyphenol ellagic acid and its metabolite urolithins

Cited by 12 publications

References 215 publications

Improved Cardiovascular Effects of a Novel Pomegranate Byproduct Extract Obtained through Hydrodynamic Cavitation

Improved Cardiovascular Effects of a Novel Pomegranate Byproduct Extract Obtained through Hydrodynamic Cavitation

Urolithins and Their Precursors Ellagic Acid and Ellagitannins: Natural Sources, Extraction and Methods for Their Determination

Plant Polyphenols and Their Potential Benefits on Cardiovascular Health: A Review

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