Promnesic, Anxiolytic and Antioxidant Effects of Glaucosciadium cordifolium (Boiss.) Burtt & Davis Essential Oil in a Zebrafish Model of Cognitive Impairment

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Glaucosciadium cordifolium essential oil (GCEO, 25 and 150 µL/L) on anxiety and learning and memory impairment induced by scopolamine (SCOP) in zebrafish. The chemical composition was analyzed by GC-MS, and the results showed that the highest content was limonene followed by α- and β-pinene, p-cymene and α-phellandrene. The dementia model was induced by SCOP (100 µM), whereas GCEO and galantamine (GAL, 1 mg/L) were delivered to the SCOP-induced model. It was found that GCEO significantly improved memory impairment and anxiety-like response induced by SCOP through the Y-maze, novel object recognition (NOR) test, and novel tank diving tests (NTT). Biochemical analyses showed that GCEO reduced SCOP-induced oxidative damage. Additionally, the cholinergic system activity was improved in the SCOP-induced model by decreasing the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity following the exposure to GCEO. It was clear that as a mixture, GCEO displays positive action in improving memory impairment through restoring cholinergic dysfunction and brain antioxidant status.

Direct Evidence for Using Coriandrum sativum var. microcarpum Essential Oil to Ameliorate Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment and Brain Oxidative Stress in the Zebrafish Model

“…Along with the affective behaviors related to the response to factors associated with anxiety and stress, multiple studies have highlighted the learning abilities [ 40 , 63 ] and memorization [ 64 , 65 , 66 ] of zebrafish. To evaluate the effect of CSEO on the learning and memory ability of both native and amnesic zebrafish, we used the Y-maze test, following the protocol previously described by Cognato et al [ 39 ].…”

“…Exposure of zebrafish to SCOP treatment (100 μM) for 30 min amplified AChE activity in the zebrafish brain compared with the control group ( p < 0.01), which had not been exposed to SCOP treatment ( Figure 5 A). The rise of AChE activity in the zebrafish brain following the exposure of fish to SCOP has previously been reported in multiple studies aiming to quantify AChE activity [ 40 , 86 ]. Interestingly, native fish in the GAL-treated group (1 mg/L) and native fish in the CSEO-treated groups (25, 150, and 300 μL/L) did not show statistically significant differences in AChE activity, suggesting the role of CSEO and GAL in modulating AChE activity and maintaining it at normal physiological values.…”

“…To examine the spatial memory and novelty response of zebrafish, we used the Y-maze test, following the protocol described by Cognato et al [ 39 ], as previously described by Boiangiu et al [ 40 ]. The test tank consisted of a glass aquarium with three equal arms that were 25 cm long, 8 cm wide, and 15 cm high, forming an angle of 12 °C.…”

Comparative Study of Flesh Quality, Blood Profile, Antioxidant Status, and Intestinal Microbiota of European Catfish (Silurus glanis) Cultivated in a Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) and Earthen Pond System

“…The homogenates were centrifuged for 20 min at 3000 rpm at 4 °C, and the supernatants were further used to measure the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). Additionally, they were used to determine the content of reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and carbonylated proteins according to the methods described in Boiangiu et al (2023) [ 25 ]. The SOD, CAT, and GPX activities and the levels of GSH, MDA, and carbonylated proteins were normalized to the total content of soluble proteins measured by the Bradford method (1976) [ 26 ].…”

Zebrafish models for the evaluation of essential oils (EOs): A comprehensive review

“…T-maze and Y-maze tests may be used to evaluate zebrafish spatial memory (Benvenutti et al, 2021). Measurements of antioxidant enzyme activity and gene expression in redox-related signaling pathways might inform future investigations into the mechanisms by which these EOs exert their anti-neurodegenerative effects (Boiangiu et al, 2023;Brinza et al, 2023;Capatina et al, 2021;Sharma et al, 2022). In The GC-MS analysis proved that EOs of A. nobilis mainly contain pentadecyl-3-methyl-2-butenoate, hexadecyl-3methyl-2-butenoate, 1-piperidinol, and trans-1-ethyl-3methyl-cyclopentane; the main chemical constituents of EO from C. reticulata are limonene and γ-terpinene.…”