Promoter Methylation and Loss of Expression of PTEN Gene in Breast Cancer Patients from Saudi Population

Alam, Mohammad Shabbir; Jerah, Ahmed Bin Ali; Ashraf, Jalaluddin M.; Kathamuthu, Kumaresan; Eisa, Zaki M.; Mikhail, Nabil Tadros

doi:10.4172/2324-9110.1000206

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Also, a reduced or absent of PTEN expression in breast cancer tissue was only in 28 out 85 of breast cancer patients (33%) in the Engin et al, (2006) study, which was using IHC for the detection of PTEN. There were other studies did not correspond to our data in this study, and reported decreased or absent PTEN expression in breast carcinoma tissue in high percentage among the breast cancer patients (Kechagioglou et al, 2014;Gschwantler-Kaulich et al, 2017;Shabbir et al, 2017). As listed in Table 2, PTEN expression did not have any relation to any clinicopathological factors (P>0.05), there were also some studies that showed no association between PTEN expression and clinicopathological factors of breast cancer.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

PIK3CA and PTEN Genes Expressions in Breast Cancer

Alowiri

Hanafy

Haleem

et al. 2019

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev

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The molecular biomarkers, and their correlation with pathological parameters are very important for diagnosis, prognosis, predictive utility, management, and prevention of breast cancer (Patani et al., 2013). The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is an important signaling pathway in cells and is involved in essential cellular functions such as metabolism, proliferation, survival, motility, and growth and plays a main role in development and progression of breast cancer (Engelman et al., 2006; Boyault et al., 2012). Based on structure, regulation, and substrate specificity, the PI3K family is classified into three classes, class I, class II, and class III (Leevers et al., 1999). Class I is divided to IA and IB, class IA PI3K is composed of two subunits: A regulatory subunit (85 kDa), and a catalytic

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

PIK3CA and PTEN Genes Expressions in Breast Cancer

Alowiri

Hanafy

Haleem

et al. 2019

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev

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“…The phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a vital tumor suppressor gene that inhibits cell growth and increases cellular sensitivity to apoptosis [36]. The altered expression of the PTEN protein has been found in many tumors [37,38].…”

Section: Tumor Suppressor Genementioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Therapeutic Targets of Formononetin, a Type of Methoxylated Isoflavone, and Its Role in Cancer Therapy through the Modulation of Signal Transduction Pathways

Almatroodi

Almatroudi

Khan

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Cancer is one of the main causes of death in all developed and developing countries. Various factors are involved in cancer development and progression, including inflammation and alterations in cellular processes and signaling transduction pathways. Natural compounds have shown health-promoting effects through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential, having an important role in the inhibition of cancer growth. In this regard, formononetin, a type of isoflavone, plays a significant role in disease management through the modulation of inflammation, angiogenesis, cell cycle, and apoptosis. Furthermore, its role in cancer management has been proven through the regulation of different signal transduction pathways, such as the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT 3), Phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), and mitogen activating protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. The anticancer potential of formononetin has been reported against various cancer types, such as breast, cervical, head and neck, colon, and ovarian cancers. This review focuses on the role of formononetin in different cancer types through the modulation of various cell signaling pathways. Moreover, synergistic effect with anticancer drugs and methods to improve bioavailability are explained. Thus, detailed studies based on clinical trials are required to explore the potential role of formononetin in cancer prevention and treatment.

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