Promoter‐specific expression of the imprinted IGF2 gene in bovine oocytes and pre‐implantation embryos

Abstract

Early embryo mortality occurs mainly until 16 days post-conception in cattle (Diskin et al., 2016;Hill et al., 2000), and such a problem seems to be of higher occurrence for in vitro-produced (IVP) bovine embryos Bertolini, Mason et al., 2002).A higher rate of embryonic mortality seen for IVP embryos has been associated with initial growth retardation and with changes in gene

Pleomorphic adenoma gene1 in reproduction and implication for embryonic survival in cattle: a review

“…IGF2 is expressed in growing ovarian follicles and has important mitogenic actions on both the follicle and oocyte ( Hunter et al., 2004 ; Spicer & Aad, 2007 ; Brogan et al., 2010 ; Aad et al., 2013 ; Baumgarten et al., 2015 ; Tkachenko et al., 2021 ; Figure 4 ). Oocytes also produce IGF2 which influences the function of oocytes and follicles ( Willhelm et al., 2021 ; Figure 4 ). IGF2 is additionally expressed by early embryos and the uterus and is involved in autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine events associated with embryonic growth, attachment, and implantation ( Robinson et al., 2000 ; Willhelm et al., 2021 ; Figure 5 ).…”

“…Oocytes also produce IGF2 which influences the function of oocytes and follicles ( Willhelm et al., 2021 ; Figure 4 ). IGF2 is additionally expressed by early embryos and the uterus and is involved in autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine events associated with embryonic growth, attachment, and implantation ( Robinson et al., 2000 ; Willhelm et al., 2021 ; Figure 5 ). IGF2 is maternally imprinted similar to PLAG1 ( DeChiara et al., 1991 ; Giannoukakis et al., 1993 ; Dindot et al., 2004 ; Gebert et al., 2006 , 2009 ; Sandovici et al., 2022 ).…”

“…PLAG1 can influence the production of ike growth factor 2 (IGF2), H19, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), ß-catenin, and cytokines. These factors are all variously associated with embryonic development, uterine attachment, and implantation ( Niemann & Wrenzycki, 1999 ; Han et al., 2003 ; Gabory et al., 2009 ; Agrogiannis et al., 2014 ; Jiang et al., 2015 ; Smith et al., 2015 ; Sferruzzi-Perri et al, 2017 ; Campanile et al., 2021 ; Llobat, 2021 ; Willhelm et al., 2021 ; Zhou et al., 2021 ; Sandovici et al., 2022 ). The role of LIF and other cytokines, and the LIF receptor, in embryonic development and implantation is comprehensively discussed in earlier reviews which are complemented by the present review ( Guzeloglu-Kayisli et al., 2009 ; Robertson et al., 2018 ; Campanile et al., 2021 ; Namiki et al., 2023 ).…”