IsraelCultural Episteme (CE) is a concept meant to represent a mental framework that systematically organizes cultural knowledge and choice. In the present study 80 Jewish Israeli participants from four adult age groups were interviewed regarding two cultural dilemmas which probed their CEs. Interpretation of the interviews supported the existence of four distinct, self-consistent CEs. These were named Monoculturalism, Pluralistic Relativism, Dialectic Multiculturalism, and Integral Uniculturalism. Distribution of the various CEs varied by age. The significance of the CE is discussed in terms of cultural orientations, identities, and development, and in the context of multicultural environments.
Culture as System of Knowledge and ChoiceCultural Epistemes Method Results
Discussion Recommendations for Further Study References AppendixIn order to perceive, understand, and react well to cultural knowledge, individuals construe mental frameworks which organize that knowledge and the meaning it entails (Bruner, 2008). A well-structured framework can accommodate for the rich and dynamic nature of cultural phenomena and provide individuals a manner by which knowledge is systematically ordered, experience meaningfully made, and decisions sensibly taken. The importance of the framework is further evident in multicultural environments and in circumstances of colonization, migration, and international contact characterized by a high degree of cultural epistemological diversity (Siegel, 2006). Though diversity allows for enriching and exciting experiences, it may additionally generate feelings of confusion, anxiety, fear, and stress. A complex mental framework could encompass the plurality found in such cultural settings and once again assist the individual in adapting well to the rich and dynamic cultural environment. The purpose of the 2 present research was to explore different mental frameworks that are being used by individuals in cultural contexts.The mental framework will presently be referred to as the Cultural Episteme (CE) of a person. The term "episteme" was coined by Foucault (1970Foucault ( /1966 who suggested that it may be conceived of as a set of regulations that unite the discursive practices that generate scientific and cultural knowledge. In the present investigation the CE is proposed to consist of a set of principles of order, which govern the cultural knowledge contents that a person possesses or encounters (Banks, 1993;Kelley, 1955;Medin, 1989). It is hypothesized that different types of CEs would be found in individuals belonging to the same cultural group.The CE is related to concepts such as interpretive frames, cultural schemes, and cultural identities that process social information following an activation by cultural cues (Benet-Martinez, Lee, & Leu, 2006;Hong, Morris, Chiu, & Benet-Martinez, 2000). The added value of the epistemological approach is that it denotes the basic underlying rules that all types of frameworks follow when they process cultural knowledge and could therefore suggest a par...