Promoting Attendance at Cervical Cancer Screening: Understanding the Relationship with Turkish Womens' Health Beliefs

Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviors of Women Over 20 Years Old on Cervix Cancer in Istanbul, Turkey

“…In the literature, pap smear and HPV knowledge levels, cervical cancer story in family, smoking, suggestion of healthcare workers, sociodemographic factors like especially age, ethnicity, education level, income level, employment status, marital status, use of contraception, number of children, health insurance status, religious and cultural factors were identified as factors affecting having a pap smear test. Again analogously to the results of research, increase in level of knowledge of cervical cancer was noted as one of the factors influencing having pap smear test (Uysal and Birsel, 2009;Erbil et al, 2011;Gulten et al, 2012;Reis et al, 2012;Thulaseedharan et al, 2012;Baskaran et al, 2013;Demirtas and Acikgoz, 2013;Ersin and Bahar, 2013;Gan and Dahlui, 2013;Gyenwali et al, 2013;Karabulutlu, 2013;Shekhar et al, 2013;Budkaew and Chumworathayi, 2014;Sahin et al, 2014;Wongwatcharanukul et al, 2014). Research results and the results expressed in the literature were similar.…”

“…Of 93.7% women heard about cervical cancer and 68.0% about the Pap smear test. In the literature, while cervical cancer hearing rates ranged between 62.0% and 88.8% (Khoo et al, 2011;Tran et al, 2011;Raychaudhuri andMandal, 2012, Getahun et al, 2013) pap smear hearing rates ranged from 21.9% to 87.4% (Coskun et al, 2013;Demirtas and Acikgoz, 2013;Dinc, 2013;Karabulutlu, 2013;Sahin et al, 2014). As a result of our research on cervical cancer and Pap smear screening test, we found a high incidence of hearing, which is forming the upper limit of the literature.…”

“…While studies conducted in developed countries, pap smear screening rates over 70% (Gonzalez et al, 2012;Shekhar et al, 2013;Suh et al, 2013), in developing countries, this ratio was below 70% (Imam et al, 2008;Gan and Dahlui, 2013;Wongwatcharanukul et al, 2014). In Turkey studies, ratios ranged between 9.4%-68.5% (Uysal and Birsel, 2009;Erbil et al, 2011;Demirhindi et al, 2012;Bekar et al, 2013;Coskun et al, 2013;Demirtas and Acikgoz, 2013;Dinc, 2013;Karabulutlu, 2013;Karadag et al, 2014;Sahin et al, 2014). Results of our study in Turkey are similar to the work done in developing countries.…”

Factors Associated with Underscreening for Cervical Cancer among Women in Canada

“…These top reasons may reflect other priorities deemed more important or urgent, low risk perception, insufficient knowledge, unfavourable beliefs towards Pap tests (Van Til et al, 2003;Garces-Palacio and Scarinci, 2012;Demirtas and Acikgoz, 2013), and/or physicians not following medical guidelines or perceiving their patients to be at low risk for cervical cancer. The fact that women reported that their physicians did not think Pap testing was necessary is troubling, given all the efforts to help physicians adopt evidence-based screening protocols.…”

Effects of an Educational Intervention Based on the Protection Motivation Theory and Implementation Intentions on First and Second Pap Test Practice in Iran

“…Theory-based educational interventions are needed to provide the required information about cervical screening, modifying maladaptive beliefs, and increasing the rate of regular Pap test practice among women (Markovic et al, 2005;Gu et al, 2012;Demirtas and Acikgoz, 2013). In this study, the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) and implementation intentions was considered as the conceptual framework for developing a tailored educational intervention.…”