Promoting Green Electricity through Differentiated Electricity Tax Schemes

Holzer, Kateryna; Espa, Ilaria; Payosova, Tetyana

doi:10.1017/9781316681275.019

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 18 publications

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“…Border tax adjustments (BTA) have in recent years been increasingly discussed in relation to enforcing an environmental tax on imported goods within WTO law. A particular focus of research has been the interplay of emission trading schemes and 7 See Holzer et al (2017) and Cottier et al (2014a, b).…”

Section: Carbon Tax With Border Tax Adjustmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Unilateral Climate and Supply Market Model

Blume-Werry

Koller

Everts

2018

Understanding Risks and Uncertainties in Energy and Climate Policy

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In the midst of its respective energy transitions, the European power sector faces several challenges. Low levels of both European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) allowance prices and wholesale power prices fuelled concerns over drivers for decarbonisation and long-term generation adequacy. Whilst some countries have introduced capacity remuneration mechanisms to ensure generation adequacy, reforming the EU ETS has proven to be difficult. This paper proposes a unilateral approach by a state introducing a CO 2 levy that internalises and prices CO 2 at a national level. The suggested climate and supply market model thereby incentivises and rewards production from CO 2 -neutral sources during times when it does not cover the targeted share of production. Prior to describing the model in detail, this paper discusses the theoretical policy steering background and the problems associated with current energy policies. For a broader picture, other CO 2 taxation models are briefly presented. This is followed by a discussion on the legal aspects of the model, its compatibility with international as well as EU law. The model is explored further by using Switzerland as an example, showing that a crosssector carbon price can be implemented at acceptable costs for consumers. Last but not least, the paper examines varieties of the model and the adaption potential for European countries.239 240 E. Blume-Werry et al.

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Section: Carbon Tax With Border Tax Adjustmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Unilateral Climate and Supply Market Model

Blume-Werry

Koller

Everts

2018

Understanding Risks and Uncertainties in Energy and Climate Policy

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Green Electricity Promotion Schemes

Cagdas Artantas

2023

European Yearbook of International Economic Law

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Suggestions for the Next Steps

Zhao

2024

European Yearbook of International Economic Law

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WTO members are currently leveraging plurilateral negotiations to advance reforms of WTO rules. Among these efforts, the TESSD has been established to facilitate plurilateral discussions on environmental sustainability. However, TESSD’s role in promoting sustainable development within WTO negotiations is somewhat constrained. This mechanism specifically focuses on advancing plurilateral negotiations related to environmental issues and does not address broader concerns such as economic development, social rights, or FTAs.To achieve comprehensive reform of international trade rules, WTO members must establish an effective mechanism for coordinating their actions both within and beyond the WTO framework. This approach should encompass all aspects of sustainable development. To address this need, I propose the creation of a sustainable development club. This club would enhance cooperation among like-minded countries and institutionalise their collective efforts (See Sect. 7.3.3.). Through this mechanism, member countries could align their sustainable development and trade policies, develop harmonised legal norms and dispute resolution processes, and bolster their efforts to reform WTO rules.I propose that WTO members committed to sustainable development undertake a three-step process to reform the WTO’s multilateral trade rules.First, these members should sign the TSDA outside the WTO framework to establish a comprehensive sustainable trade regime. The TSDA should encompass the sustainable development values pursued by the parties, strategies to achieve these values, legal norms, dispute resolution mechanisms, and a periodic review process. Ideally, the parties would include the majority, if not all, members of the RCEP, EU FTAs, USMCA, and the CPTPP. By coordinating their development and trade policies through this sustainable development club, these major FTA parties can work together to reform WTO rules in alignment with their shared policies.Second, after signing the TSDA, the parties should issue a joint ministerial statement at the WTO Ministerial Conference to expand the TESSD’s scope to include all trade-related sustainable development issues. This step would enable the sustainable development club to influence the reform of WTO rules across all dimensions of sustainable development.Finally, the TSDA parties would negotiate various plurilateral sustainable development agreements within the sustainable development club and invite other WTO members to join these negotiations. I will elaborate on these proposals in the following sections.

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Promoting Green Electricity through Differentiated Electricity Tax Schemes

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

A Unilateral Climate and Supply Market Model

A Unilateral Climate and Supply Market Model

Green Electricity Promotion Schemes

Suggestions for the Next Steps

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