“…There is a plethora of studies concerning specific middle school achievement and reasons for under-achievement, including studies of students with special education diagnoses, gifted and talented status, or athletic ability (Ford, Grantham, & Whiting, 2008;Good, Masewicz, & Vogel, 2010;Harris, Hines, Kelly, Williams, & Bagley, 2014;. Likewise, research on middle school achievement is readily found in relation to parent, peer, and community influences and school outcomes (Durlak et al, 2010;Gordon & Cui, 2014;Jeynes, 2007Lam & Ducreux, 2013), as well as school climate, structure, and curriculum Carpenter, Ramirez, & Severn, 2006;Hopson & Lee, 2011;Mickelson & Greene, 2006;Wentzel, 1998;Wiggan, 2007.…”