“…OCEX learning can not only influence college students' civic responsibility about the diverse situations of disadvantaged groups to help them improve their living conditions via online technology (Hollstein & Smith, 2020;Hylton, 2018) but also support them to engage with social partners in the online community to conduct social action plans and actions together for college students (Keegan, 2021;MacPhee et al, 2017;Middaugh, 2019). Therefore, the researchers form the following hypothesis: Hypothesis 3 (H3): OCEX mediates the relationship between OCR and OCEN.…”