Promotion of cooperation induced by a self-questioning update rule in the spatial traveler’s dilemma game

Surface Bubble Growth in Plasmonic Nanoparticle Suspension

“…Using high-speed videography with interferometry, we indeed observe that the front TPCL is pushed forward when the laser spot overlaps with the front contact line, which sequentially leads to the depinning of the trailing TPCL and eventually leads the bubble to slip forward within ~ 1 ms. This confirms that the TPCL de-pinning due to the plasmonic NPs heating is the main reason for the laser directed surface bubble movement, and the possibility of high-precision bubble manipulation has useful practical implications for a wide range of microfluidic applications [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] .…”

“…Plasmonic bubbles can be generated in noble metal plasmonic NP suspensions upon the irradiation of a pulsed laser due to the enhanced plasmonic resonance [1][2][3][4][5][6]. These micro-sized bubbles can play important roles in a wide range of applications, including biomedical imaging [7][8][9][10], healthcare diagnosis [11][12][13][14][15], and microfluidic bubble logics [16]. Compared to conventionally used pre-deposited optically resistive nanostructures, plasmonic NP suspensions feature the advantages of simpler fabrication procedures, higher heating efficiency and potentially better compatibility with biological environments.…”

Evolution of cooperation in the traveler’s dilemma game on two coupled lattices

“…In fact, at this case nearly all individuals on the other network will fall within the strategy range of focal player, and F ¼ G leads to Cðup $ downÞ ¼ 1 which means that our model is reduced to the tradition model of spatial TDG and current results are also consistent with Ref. [30,31]. Moreover, it can be observed that the value for R around 20 (denoted by R m ) becomes significant since, with radius increasing, the cooperation will be inhibited when R is lower than this value and meanwhile the cooperation will be promoted when R is over R m .…”

“…[30], players of TDG are placed into the spatial lattice in which each player can only interact with its nearest neighbors and imitate the strategy of neighboring agents according to unconditional imitation (UI) and Fermi rules, and the results indicate that the collective cooperation level is proportional to the average value of strategies. To be a further step, a self-questioning rule regarding much less information or lower game cost is proposed to update the individual strategy [31], and the cooperation can be enhanced onto a higher level when compared to Ref. [30].…”