Promotion of Osseointegration between Implant and Bone Interface by Titanium Alloy Porous Scaffolds Prepared by 3D Printing

Zheng, Yuhao; Han, Qing; Wang, Jincheng; Li, Dongdong; Song, Zhiming; Yu, Jihong

doi:10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00662

Cited by 65 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Compared to other studies, we also carried out analysis under the lateral and torsional pressure, and found results were variably under different pressures, but the comprehensive compressive capacity of regular hexahedron cylindrical model was always the best under each pressure. This study showed the compressive strength of porous structures decreased with increases of pore size, similar to other studies [ 21 , 42 ]. Most studies just analyzed cylindrical or cube models, the force analysis of the unit structure was also carried out in this study, and the results were consistent with those of the cylindrical models.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Some studies have designed 3D porous titanium scaffolds with different pore shapes of imitation diamond, regular tetrahedron, regular octahedron, three circles type [ 23 ] and regular hexahedron [ 21 , 25 , 31 ]. Many studies suggested that large pore size was beneficial to the growth of bone tissue, such as 500 [ 24 ] and 700 μm [ 32 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and analysis of three-dimensional printing of a porous titanium scaffold

Yang

Shi

et al. 2021

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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Objective Mechanic strength, pore morphology and size are key factors for the three-dimensional (3D) printing of porous titanium scaffolds, therefore, developing optimal structure for the 3D printed titanium scaffold to fill bone defects in knee joints is instructive and important. Methods Structural models of titanium scaffolds with fifteen different pore unit were designed with 3D printing computer software; five different scaffold shapes were designed: imitation diamond-60°, imitation diamond-90°, imitation diamond-120°, regular tetrahedron and regular hexahedron. Each structural shape was evaluated with three pore sizes (400, 600 and 800 μm), and fifteen types of cylindrical models (size: 20 mm; height: 20 mm). Autodesk Inventor software was used to determine the strength and safety of the models by simulating simple strength acting on the knee joints. We analyzed the data and found suitable models for the design of 3D printing of porous titanium scaffolds. Results Fifteen different types of pore unit structural models were evaluated under positive pressure and lateral pressure; the compressive strength reduced when the pore size increased. Under torsional pressure, the strengths of the imitation diamond structure were similar when the pore size increased, and the strengths of the regular tetrahedron and regular hexahedron structures reduced when the pore size increased. In each case, the compressive strength of the regular hexahedron structure was highest, that of the regular tetrahedron was second highest, and that of the imitation diamond structure was relatively low. Fifteen types of cylindrical models under a set force were evaluated, and the sequence of comprehensive compressive strength, from strong to weak was: regular hexahedron > regular tetrahedron > imitation diamond-120° > imitation diamond-90° > imitation diamond-60°. The compressive strength of cylinder models was higher when the pore size was smaller. Conclusion The pore size and pore morphology were important factors influencing the compressive strength. The strength of each structure reduced when the pore size (400, 600 and 800 μm) increased. The models of regular hexahedron, regular tetrahedron and imitation diamond-120°appeared to meet the conditions of large pore sizes and high compressive strength.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and analysis of three-dimensional printing of a porous titanium scaffold

Yang

Shi

et al. 2021

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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“…Our results are in agreement with experimental data: pores bigger than ca. 300 μm were shown to achieve good bone regeneration outcome (Zadpoor 2015;Abbasi et al 2020;Băbţan et al 2020), and ideal porosities ranged from approximately 70 to 90% in various studies (Shah et al 2016;Băbţan et al 2020;Zheng et al 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial mechanical conditions within an optimized bone scaffold do not ensure bone regeneration – an in silico analysis

Perier-Metz

Duda

Checa

2021

Biomech Model Mechanobiol

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Large bone defects remain a clinical challenge because they do not heal spontaneously. 3-D printed scaffolds are a promising treatment option for such critical defects. Recent scaffold design strategies have made use of computer modelling techniques to optimize scaffold design. In particular, scaffold geometries have been optimized to avoid mechanical failure and recently also to provide a distinct mechanical stimulation to cells within the scaffold pores. This way, mechanical strain levels are optimized to favour the bone tissue formation. However, bone regeneration is a highly dynamic process where the mechanical conditions immediately after surgery might not ensure optimal regeneration throughout healing. Here, we investigated in silico whether scaffolds presenting optimal mechanical conditions for bone regeneration immediately after surgery also present an optimal design for the full regeneration process. A computer framework, combining an automatic parametric scaffold design generation with a mechano-biological bone regeneration model, was developed to predict the level of regenerated bone volume for a large range of scaffold designs and to compare it with the scaffold pore volume fraction under favourable mechanical stimuli immediately after surgery. We found that many scaffold designs could be considered as highly beneficial for bone healing immediately after surgery; however, most of them did not show optimal bone formation in later regenerative phases. This study allowed to gain a more thorough understanding of the effect of scaffold geometry changes on bone regeneration and how to maximize regenerated bone volume in the long term.

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“…However, due to its biological inertness of Ti6Al4V, leading these "inanimate" materials can only be used as xation materials to ll bone defects, and cannot form good osseointegration between the prosthesis and host bone, consequently [3]. Previous researches have demonstrated that controllable interconnected porous structures are superior to provide stability at the early stage, induce bone regeneration, and promote osseointegration [4,5]. The emergence of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology enables surgeon to fabricate Ti6Al4V prostheses with arbitrary shape matching the bone defects, controllable pore shapes and porosity, good pore connectivity, as well as the clinical applicability [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing of Dual-cell Delivery Titanium Alloy Scaffolds for Improving Osseointegration Through Enhancing Angiogenesis and Osteogenesis

Zhao

Shu

Zhao

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BACKGROUND: The repair of large bone defects is a great challenge for orthopedics. Although the development of three-dimensional (3D) printed metal implants with optimized the pore structure have effectively promoted the osseointegration. However, due to the biological inertia of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) surface and the neglect of angiogenesis, some patients still suffer from postoperative complications such as dislocation or loosening of the prosthesis. METHODS: The purpose of this study was to construct 3D printed porous Ti6Al4V scaffolds filled with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) loaded hydrogel and evaluate the effects of this composite implants on angiogenesis and osteogenesis, thus promoting osseointegration. RESULTS: The porosity and pore size of prepared 3D printed porous Ti6Al4V scaffolds were 69.2 ± 0.9 % and 593.4±16.9 μm, respectively, which parameters were beneficial to blood vessel formation and bone ingrowth. The BMSC and EPC filled into the scaffold pores after being encapsulated by hydrogels can maintain high viability. As a cells containing composite implant, BMSC and EPC loaded hydrogel incorporated into 3D printed porous Ti6Al4V scaffolds enhancing angiogenesis and osteogenesis to repair bone defects efficiently. At the transcriptional level, the composite implant up-regulated the expression levels of the osteogenesis-related genes alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OCN), and angiogenesis-related genes hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). CONCLUSION: Overall, the strategy of loading porous Ti6Al4V scaffolds to incorporate cells is a promising treatment for improving osseointegration.

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Promotion of Osseointegration between Implant and Bone Interface by Titanium Alloy Porous Scaffolds Prepared by 3D Printing

Cited by 65 publications

References 38 publications

Design and analysis of three-dimensional printing of a porous titanium scaffold

Design and analysis of three-dimensional printing of a porous titanium scaffold

Initial mechanical conditions within an optimized bone scaffold do not ensure bone regeneration – an in silico analysis

3D Printing of Dual-cell Delivery Titanium Alloy Scaffolds for Improving Osseointegration Through Enhancing Angiogenesis and Osteogenesis

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