Promotion of the genipin crosslinked chitosan-fiber hydrogel loaded with sustained release of clemastine fumarate in diabetic wound repair

Recent Development of Functional Chitosan-Based Hydrogels for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications

“…More compact microstructures and improved mechanical properties of the chitosan hydrogel are reported by the use of succinic acid and urea, in addition to chemical crosslinking, in the presence of genipin [ 121 ]. Therefore, several studies have reported the utilization of the genipin-crosslinked chitosan for anti-bacterial material [ 122 ], as a carrier of drugs including 5-fluorouracil [ 123 ], cisplatin [ 124 ], and cytarabine [ 125 ], as well as for the treatment of diabetes [ 126 ] and diabetic wounds [ 127 ]. However, the drawback of using genipin as a crosslinker is relatively long gelation time [ 128 ].…”

“…The release rate could be adjusted by varying the molar ratio of chitosan and citral. Genipin-crosslinked porous chitosan fiber has been developed for topical application in wound healing [ 127 ]. Clemastine fumarate, a selective histamine H 1 antagonist, is incorporated into the hydrogel to enable its gradual release into the wound over time.…”

“…The chitosan hydrogel can absorb and retain large amounts of water, thereby providing a moist environment that promotes wound healing, such as diabetic wound healing [ 79 , 127 , 152 ]. Incorporation of therapeutic agents, such as growth factors [ 193 , 194 , 195 ], antibiotics [ 27 , 28 ], and anti-inflammatory agents [ 152 ], into hydrogels additionally enhances the therapeutic effects for diabetic wound healing.…”

Chitosan-Based Composites: Development and Perspective in Food Preservation and Biomedical Applications

“…Chitosan hydrogel was used to encapsulate diclofenac sodium salt [140]. For topical use in wound healing, genipin crosslinked porous chitosan fiber has been produced [141]. To cure diabetes, chitosan hydrogels have been produced [142,143].…”

Preparation and Characterization of Carboxymethyl Chitosan/Sodium Alginate Composite Hydrogel Scaffolds Carrying Chlorhexidine and Strontium-Doped Hydroxyapatite

“…Hydrogels are highly hydrophilic polymers that form an interconnected three-dimensional (3D) porous network through cross-linking and have found extensive application in biomedical fields because of their exceptional biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, and drug-delivery capabilities. , Recent advancements in hydrogel technology have shown promising results in enhancing cellular bioactivity and achieving effective antimicrobial outcomes, thereby opening new therapeutic possibilities for treating jaw defects . Chitosan-based hydrogels, in particular, have garnered significant attention in biomedical research, especially for drug delivery applications because of their excellent biocompatibility, cell adhesion properties, biodegradability, antimicrobial efficacy, and stability. − Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) is a derivative of chitosan, obtained through carboxymethylation. CMCS surpasses chitosan in several aspects, including water solubility, moisture retention, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal properties, and is therefore a highly promising material for drug delivery and tissue engineering. − Sodium alginate (SA), a naturally occurring polysaccharide sourced from brown algae, has also gained significant biomedical interest because of its outstanding antioxidant properties, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and cost-effectiveness, making it a valuable component in various biomedical applications. , …”