Promotor analysis and transcriptional regulation of Lactobacillus pentosus genes involved in xylose catabolism

Lokman, B. Christien; Leer, R.J.; Sorge, Renée van; Pouwels, Peter H.

doi:10.1007/bf00279757

Cited by 43 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…S-layer proteins constitute 5-10% of total proteins (27,28), L-LDH represents >2% of soluble protein in lactobacilli (29)] with those of genes known or presumed to be inefficiently expressed (e.g. repA gene of plasmid p353-2, and xylB and xylR genes of L.pentosus (21,30), and the regulatory gene lacT from L. casei (31). A third set of genes was selected which were assumed to be expressed at an intermediate level of efficiency.…”

Section: Codon Usage In Lactobacillusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergence in codon usage ofLactobacillus species

Pouwels¹,

Leunissen

1994

Nucl Acids Res

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We have analyzed codon usage patterns of 70 sequenced genes from different Lactobacillus species. Codon usage in lactobacilli is highly biased. Both inter-species and intra-species heterogeneity of codon usage bias was observed. Codon usage in L.acidophilus is similar to that in L.helveticus, but dissimilar to that in L.bulgaricus, L.casei, L.pentosus and L.plantarum. Codon usage in the latter three organisms is not significantly different, but is different from that in L.bulgaricus. Inter-species differences in codon usage can, at least in part, be explained by differences in mutational drift. L.bulgaricus shows GC drift, whereas all other species show AT drift. L.acidophilus and L.helveticus rarely use NNG in family-box (a set of synonymous) codons, in contrast to all other species. This result may be explained by assuming that L.acidophilus and L.helveticus, but not other species examined, use a single tRNA species for translation of family-box codons. Differences in expression level of genes are positively correlated with codon usage bias. Highly expressed genes show highly biased codon usage, whereas weakly expressed genes show much less biased codon usage. Codon usage patterns at the 5'-end of Lactobacillus genes is not significantly different from that of entire genes. The GC content of codons 2-6 is significantly reduced compared with that of the remainder of the gene. The possible implications of a reduced GC content for the control of translation efficiency are discussed.

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Section: Codon Usage In Lactobacillusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergence in codon usage ofLactobacillus species

Pouwels¹,

Leunissen

1994

Nucl Acids Res

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“…Expression of the xyl genes, which is induced by xylose and repressed by glucose, is regulated at the transcriptional level (see Fig. 1) (19,20).…”

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confidence: 99%

Regulation of expression of the Lactobacillus pentosus xylAB operon

et al. 1997

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The xylose cluster of Lactobacillus pentosus consists of five genes, two of which, xylAB, form an operon and code for the enzymes involved in the catabolism of xylose, while a third encodes a regulatory protein, XylR. By introduction of a multicopy plasmid carrying the xyl operator and by disruption of the chromosomal xylR gene, it was shown that L. pentosus xylR encodes a repressor. Constitutive expression of xylAB in the xylR mutant is repressed by glucose, indicating that glucose repression does not require XylR. The xylR mutant displayed a prolonged lag phase compared to wild-type bacteria when bacteria were shifted from glucose to xylose medium. Differences in the growth rate in xylose medium at different stages of growth are not correlated with differences in levels of xylAB transcription in L. pentosus wild-type or xylR mutant bacteria but are positively correlated in Lactobacillus casei with a plasmid containing xylAB. Glucose repression was further investigated with a ccpA mutant. An 875-bp internal fragment of the ccpA gene of L. pentosus was isolated by PCR and used to construct a ccpA knockout mutant. Transcription analysis of L. pentosus xylA showed that CcpA is involved in glucose repression. CcpA was also shown to be involved in glucose repression of the ␣-amylase promoter of Lactobacillus amylovorus by demonstrating that glucose repression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene under control of the ␣-amylase promoter is strongly reduced in the L. pentosus ccpA mutant strain.

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“…Binding of LacR to both operators results in repression of transcription of the lac operon, which might involve the formation of a DNA loop between lac01 and lac02. Activation of lacR Lokman et al (1991Lokman et al ( , 1994.…”

Section: Lactose Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The promoters and TSSs of xyIR and xylAB have been determined using mRNA isolated from xylosegrown cells (Lokman et al, 1994). The xyIAB TSS is located 42 bp upstream of the AUG start codon of xylA, while that for xylR is 83 bp away from the GUG start codon.…”

Section: Xylosemetabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A second region in the xylRA intergenic region, located 68 bp upstream of the xy/A start codon and overlapping the -35 sequence of the xylAB promoter (element II, Lokman et al, 1994), shows homology with CRE, the consensus sequence involved in catabolite (glucose) repression (Weickert & Chambliss, 1990; for reviews, see Fisher & Sohnenshein, 1991;Hueck & Hillen, 1995). When the xylRA intergenic region was introduced in Lb.…”

Section: Xylosemetabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inducible gene expression and environmentally regulated genes in lactic acid bacteria

Kok

1996

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): . Inducible gene expression and environmentally regulated genes in lactic acid bacteria. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek: International Journal of General and Molecular Microbiology, 70(2-4), 129-145. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00395930 Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons).Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. SummaryRelatively recently, a number of genes and operons have been identified in lactic acid bacteria that are inducible and respond to environmental factors. Some of these genes/operons had been isolated and analysed because of their importance in the fermentation industry and, consequently, their transcription was studied and found to be regulatable. Examples are the lactose operon, the operon for nisin production, and genes in the proteolytic pathway ofLactococcus lactis, as well as xylose metabolism in Lactobacilluspentosus. Some other operons were specifically targetted with the aim to compare their mode of regulation with known regulatory mechanisms in other well-studied bacteria. These studies, dealing with the biosynthesis of histidine, tryptophan, and of the branched chain amino acids in L. lactis, have given new insights in gene regulation and in the occurrence of auxotrophy in these bacteria. Also, nucleotide sequence analyses of a number of lactococcal bacteriophages was recently initiated to, among other things, specifically learn more about regulation of the phage life cycle. Yet another approach in the analysis of regulated genes is the 'random' selection of genetic elements that respond to environmental stimuli and the first of such sequences from lactic acid bacteria have been identified and characterized. The potential of these regulatory elements in fundamental research and practical (industrial) applications will be discussed.

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Promotor analysis and transcriptional regulation of Lactobacillus pentosus genes involved in xylose catabolism

Cited by 43 publications

References 42 publications

Divergence in codon usage ofLactobacillus species

Divergence in codon usage ofLactobacillus species

Regulation of expression of the Lactobacillus pentosus xylAB operon

Inducible gene expression and environmentally regulated genes in lactic acid bacteria

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