Prone to food in bad mood—Emotion‐potentiated food‐cue reactivity in patients with binge‐eating disorder

Arend, Ann‐Kathrin; Schnepper, Rebekka; Lutz, Annika; Eichin, Katharina Naomi; Blechert, Jens

doi:10.1002/eat.23683

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Another recent review found that interventions aiming at reducing EE also led to a significant weight reduction in individuals with overweight or [ 52 ]. Previous research also demonstrated the clinical importance of EE in eating disorders, such as AN, bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder [ 6 , 7 , 31 ]. Consistently across different countries, binge eating is more common in individuals with higher EE [ 53 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Emotional eating: elusive or evident? Integrating laboratory, psychometric and daily life measures

Schnepper,

Blechert,

Arend

et al. 2023

Eat Weight Disord

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Purpose Emotional eating (EE) refers to eating in response to (negative) emotions. Evidence for the validity of EE is mixed: some meta-analyses find EE only in eating disordered patients, others only in restrained eaters, which suggest that only certain subgroups show EE. Furthermore, EE measures from lab-based assessments, ecological momentary assessment (EMA), and psychometric measures often diverge. This paper tested whether the covariance of these three different EE methods can be modeled through a single latent variable (factorial validity), and if so, how this variable would relate to restrained eating (construct validity), Body-Mass-Index (BMI), and subclinical eating disorder symptomatology (concurrent validity). Methods 102 non-eating disordered female participants with a wide BMI range completed EE measures from three methods: psychometric questionnaires, a laboratory experiment (craving ratings of food images in induced neutral vs. negative emotion) and EMA questionnaires (within-participant correlations of momentary negative emotions and momentary food cravings across 9 days). Two measures for each method were extracted and submitted to confirmatory factor analysis. Results A one-factor model provided a good fit. The resulting EElat factor correlated positively with subclinical eating disorder symptoms and BMI but not with restrained eating. Conclusions The one-factor solution shows that the EE construct can validly be assessed with three different methods. Individual differences in EE are supported by the data and are related to eating and weight problem symptomatology but not to restrained eating. This supports learning accounts of EE and underscores the relevance of the EE construct to physical and mental health. Level of evidence II (Evidence obtained from well-designed controlled trials without randomization).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Then, the EE task was conducted. After the EE task (described in detail below; data previously reported in [ 6 , 28 , 31 ]), a decision-making task (data previously reported in [ 32 – 34 ]) and a taste test followed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional eating: elusive or evident? Integrating laboratory, psychometric and daily life measures

Schnepper,

Blechert,

Arend

et al. 2023

Eat Weight Disord

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“…We chose intensity of food cravings (FC; defined as the desire or urge to consume a specific palatable type of food; Cepeda-Benito et al, 2000;Gendall et al, 1997) as outcome variable. (Causal) links between higher FC and negative affective states have been shown in laboratory studies (Arend et al, 2022;Schnepper et al, 2021) andFC diaries (Waters et al, 2001) in BN and BED.…”

Section: Aimsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Emotional Food Craving Across the Eating Disorder Spectrum – An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

Arend¹,

Blechert²,

Yanagida³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Introduction. Emotional eating might underlie disordered eating behavior as suggested by the affect regulation model in binge-type eating disorders (EDs; binge-eating in response to negative emotions) and the emotion avoidance model in restrictive-type EDs (food restriction to avoide negative emotions). Positive affect by contrast seems to promote healthier eating behavior. However, comprehensive, naturalistic research on these acccounts across eating disorders is scarce.Method. Healthy participants (CG, n=85), and patients with Binge-Eating Disorder (BED, n=41), Bulimia Nervosa (BN, n=50), binge-purge (ANbp, n=26), and restrictive Anorexia Nervosa (ANr, n=29) participated in an Ecological Momentary Assessment study. Six notifications/day, across eight days prompted ratings of momentary food craving (FC) and affective states–differing in valence and arousal. Results. FC-patterns differed as a function of valence and arousal: During negative valence high arousal states (NegHigh) BN reported higher FC compared to CG (in line with affect regulation accounts). Compared to ANbp, ANr reported higher FC, while ANbp reported lower FC during NegHigh. During negative valence low arousal states (NegLow) ANbp reported lower FC compared to CG (in line with emotion avoidance accounts). Results also revealed beneficial effects of positive affect (Pos): During Pos (regardless of arousal) FC-levels in both AN groups approached healthy CG levels. During positive valence low arousal states (PosLow) FC-levels in BED approached healthy CG levels.Discussion. This suggests that emotion regulation and food exposure trainings might help during negative affective states across the ED spectrum, while fostering positive emotions might aid in reducing acute restriction (AN) or binge-eating urges (BED).

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“…Similarly, transient factors and states, such as the time of day, surrounding environment, sleep duration, level of psychological stress, emotional state, physical activity, and levels of appetite-regulating hormones (e.g., circulating levels of leptin, ghrelin, PYY, endogenous GLP-1, and GLP-1RAs), have been associated with varying levels of food cue reactivity [46,[51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61].…”

Section: The Cue-influencer-reactivity-outcome (Ciro) Model Of Food C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

What Is Food Noise? A Conceptual Model of Food Cue Reactivity

Hayashi,

Edwards,

Emond

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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As GLP-1 receptor agonists, like semaglutide, emerge as effective treatments for weight management, anecdotal reports from patients and clinicians alike point to a reduction in what has been colloquially termed “food noise”, as patients report experiencing less rumination and obsessive preoccupation about food. In this narrative review, we discuss concepts used in studies to investigate human eating behavior that can help elucidate and define food noise, particularly food cue reactivity. We propose a conceptual model that summarizes the main factors that have been shown to determine the magnitude of the reactivity elicited by external and internal food cues and how these factors can affect short- and long-term behavioral and clinical outcomes. By integrating key research conducted in this field, the Cue–Influencer–Reactivity–Outcome (CIRO) model of food cue reactivity provides a framework that can be used in future research to design studies and interpret findings related to food noise and food cue reactivity.

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Prone to food in bad mood—Emotion‐potentiated food‐cue reactivity in patients with binge‐eating disorder

Cited by 13 publications

References 29 publications

Emotional eating: elusive or evident? Integrating laboratory, psychometric and daily life measures

Emotional eating: elusive or evident? Integrating laboratory, psychometric and daily life measures

Emotional Food Craving Across the Eating Disorder Spectrum – An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

What Is Food Noise? A Conceptual Model of Food Cue Reactivity

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