“…There are several explanations for how prone positioning improved James's oxygenation. This position acts synergistically with positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) by redistributing lung regional perfusion towards ventral regions (Richard et al, 2008) and perfusion is more homogenous, minimizing ventilation/perfusion mismatch so improving gaseous exchange in James's lungs (Balachandran et al, 2012). However, Elder et al (2011) suggest that it is the sleep state is the predominant influence on respiratory variability rather than position, although it would appear that the prone position enables infants to achieve longer periods of quality sleep (Jarus et al, 2011).…”