Proof of concept of mass dog vaccination for thecontrol and elimination of canine rabies

Cleaveland, Sarah; Thumbi, SM; Sambo, Maganga; Lugelo, Ahmed; Lushasi, Kennedy; Hampson, Katie; Lankester, Felix

doi:10.20506/rst.37.2.2824

Cited by 41 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…Rabies is a vaccine-preventable disease in both human and canine populations, and dog vaccination is the most cost-effective control measure [2]. Strong evidence is available for the efficacy of dog rabies elimination programs in endemic areas [3][4][5][6][7], notably in South America where massive dog vaccination campaigns in the 1980s alleviated the burden of canine rabies. Regardless, there has been only little improvement of the global burden since the successes in South America.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical modelling and phylodynamics for the study of dog rabies dynamics and control: A scoping review

et al. 2021

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Background Rabies is a fatal yet vaccine-preventable disease. In the last two decades, domestic dog populations have been shown to constitute the predominant reservoir of rabies in developing countries, causing 99% of human rabies cases. Despite substantial control efforts, dog rabies is still widely endemic and is spreading across previously rabies-free areas. Developing a detailed understanding of dog rabies dynamics and the impact of vaccination is essential to optimize existing control strategies and developing new ones. In this scoping review, we aimed at disentangling the respective contributions of mathematical models and phylodynamic approaches to advancing the understanding of rabies dynamics and control in domestic dog populations. We also addressed the methodological limitations of both approaches and the remaining issues related to studying rabies spread and how this could be applied to rabies control. Methodology/principal findings We reviewed how mathematical modelling of disease dynamics and phylodynamics have been developed and used to characterize dog rabies dynamics and control. Through a detailed search of the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, we identified a total of n = 59 relevant studies using mathematical models (n = 30), phylodynamic inference (n = 22) and interdisciplinary approaches (n = 7). We found that despite often relying on scarce rabies epidemiological data, mathematical models investigated multiple aspects of rabies dynamics and control. These models confirmed the overwhelming efficacy of massive dog vaccination campaigns in all settings and unraveled the role of dog population structure and frequent introductions in dog rabies maintenance. Phylodynamic approaches successfully disentangled the evolutionary and environmental determinants of rabies dispersal and consistently reported support for the role of reintroduction events and human-mediated transportation over long distances in the maintenance of rabies in endemic areas. Potential biases in data collection still need to be properly accounted for in most of these analyses. Finally, interdisciplinary studies were determined to provide the most comprehensive assessments through hypothesis generation and testing. They also represent new avenues, especially concerning the reconstruction of local transmission chains or clusters through data integration. Conclusions/significance Despite advances in rabies knowledge, substantial uncertainty remains regarding the mechanisms of local spread, the role of wildlife in dog rabies maintenance, and the impact of community behavior on the efficacy of control strategies including vaccination of dogs. Future integrative approaches that use phylodynamic analyses and mechanistic models within a single framework could take full advantage of not only viral sequences but also additional epidemiological information as well as dog ecology data to refine our understanding of rabies spread and control. This would represent a significant improvement on past studies and a promising opportunity for canine rabies research in the frame of the One Health concept that aims to achieve better public health outcomes through cross-sector collaboration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical modelling and phylodynamics for the study of dog rabies dynamics and control: A scoping review

et al. 2021

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“…Ceci a été largement démontré dans les pays développés qui ont éliminé la rage humaine par le contrôle et la vaccination de leurs populations canines. Cette approche a aussi été mise en place dans de nombreux pays en développement [16] , [17] , et son intérêt a été largement validé par des travaux qui montrent que l’élimination de la rage canine est à la fois épidémiologiquement et opérationnellement faisable, et pourrait être réalisée dans un large éventail de contextes en Afrique et en Asie [18] . Cette approche est maintenant favorisée par l’association tripartite de l’OMS de la FAO et de l’OIE qui envisage l’objectif de l’élimination de la rage humaine transmise par le chien d’ici 2030 [19] .…”

Section: Dynamique De Propagation Du Virus De La Rage Et Identificatiunclassified

Nouveaux aspects de la lutte contre la rage

Bourhy

Melo

Tarantola

2020

Bulletin de l'Académie Nationale de Médecine

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La rage est encore aujourd’hui responsable d’environ 60 000 décès humains par an, principalement dans les populations démunies en Afrique et en Asie. Pourtant, depuis le développement du premier vaccin par Louis Pasteur, il y a 130 ans, les mesures prophylactiques se sont considérablement améliorées et allégées. Elles sont désormais composées du vaccin associé à des immunoglobulines antirabiques d’origine équine ou humaine purifiées. Mais, d’une manière générale, les protocoles de prophylaxie post-exposition sont longs et coûteux et les immunoglobulines, qui servent à la sérothérapie associée, sont chères et peu accessibles dans les pays en voie de développement. Enfin, la rage chez l’Homme reste incurable lorsque les symptômes apparaissent, voire même lorsque les patients sont pris en charge trop tardivement pendant la période d’incubation. Dans ces deux cas, des approches, qui laissent espérer un changement de paradigme au bénéfice des populations exposées, ont été développées. Enfin, les campagnes de vaccination antirabique de masse des chiens, qui constituent la mesure de prévention de la rage chez l’Homme la plus efficace et la moins coûteuse, se heurtent à des difficultés d’implémentation et présentent, parfois, une efficacité modérée. À ce titre, l’identification et l’analyse des moteurs épidémiologiques, conditionnant la circulation du virus dans les populations canines, permettent de mieux comprendre les points clés du contrôle qui doivent être associés à ces campagnes.

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“…Alternatively, a partnership approach looks at the rabies system holistically in order to identify the species or set of species that is maintaining the rabies infection in the ecosystem (Haydon, Cleaveland, Taylor, & Laurenson, 2002;Lembo et al, 2008). If the maintenance population involves domestic dogs, domestic dogs would be vaccinated (Cleaveland et al, 2018); if the maintenance population involves wild animals, they could be vaccinated with oral baits (Elmore et al, 2017;Müller & Freuling, 2018).…”

Section: Partnership-based Planetary Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As losses in human and animal lives decreased, mass dog vaccination was shown to be feasible, and doubts about elimination of canine rabies were dispelled (Kaare et al, 2009;Lembo et al, 2010). This domestic dog vaccination program gained popularity in both the medical and veterinary sectors, and grew in scope (Cleaveland & Hampson, 2017;Cleaveland et al, 2018 2016).…”

Section: Partnership-based Planetary Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planetary Grand Challenges: A Call for Interdisciplinary Partnerships

Gilbertson

Craft

Potter

2019

IJPS

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Universities have traditionally been places where individual scholars work on individual topics, in individual disciplines, with individual funding. Even though large research institutions include all the major disciplines, faculty and students remain in their schools or colleges, rarely crossing the campus to interact. Matters do not improve once knowledge is generated. Each discipline has its own journals, its own conferences, and its own professional organizations. The academy was designed to support unparalleled expertise in specialized knowledge. However, universities are beginning to realize that the greatest challenges we face are systems problems and can only be solved by systems thinking and systems solutions. Climate change, antibiotic resistance, water scarcity, and unsustainable population growth are just a few of the planetary health crises that require interdisciplinary partnerships to solve. Fortunately, we are beginning to see early signs of a shift toward, and even normalization of, interdisciplinary collaboration. In fact, some national grants require team members from different fields as a stipulation for funding. Interdisciplinary research permits cross-field benefits in which the synergy of two or more knowledge sets is greater than the sum of its parts. Innovation increases and previously elusive solutions become possible. The field of partnership studies closely aligns with the vision and mission of interdisciplinarity and offers a philosophical framework to guide teaching and research.

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Proof of concept of mass dog vaccination for thecontrol and elimination of canine rabies

Cited by 41 publications

References 52 publications

Mathematical modelling and phylodynamics for the study of dog rabies dynamics and control: A scoping review

Mathematical modelling and phylodynamics for the study of dog rabies dynamics and control: A scoping review

Nouveaux aspects de la lutte contre la rage

Planetary Grand Challenges: A Call for Interdisciplinary Partnerships

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