Proof-of-Vax: Studying User Preferences and Perception of Covid Vaccination Certificates

Kowalewski, Marvin; Herbert, Franziska; Schnitzler, Theodor; Dürmuth, Markus

doi:10.2478/popets-2022-0016

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Given that population-based research regarding these app functionalities is scarce [ 29 , 30 ], we investigated how users and nonusers differ in their attitudes toward these potential features. For instance, the app could indicate that its holder did not have close contact with another user who tested positive for COVID-19, in order to gain access to public places or other locations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reasons for Nonuse, Discontinuation of Use, and Acceptance of Additional Functionalities of a COVID-19 Contact Tracing App: Cross-sectional Survey Study

Walrave¹,

Waeterloos²,

Ponnet³

2022

JMIR Public Health Surveill

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Background In several countries, contact tracing apps (CTAs) have been introduced to warn users if they have had high-risk contacts that could expose them to SARS-CoV-2 and could, therefore, develop COVID-19 or further transmit the virus. For CTAs to be effective, a sufficient critical mass of users is needed. Until now, adoption of these apps in several countries has been limited, resulting in questions on which factors prevent app uptake or stimulate discontinuation of app use. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate individuals’ reasons for not using, or stopping use of, a CTA, in particular, the Coronalert app. Users’ and nonusers’ attitudes toward the app’s potential impact was assessed in Belgium. To further stimulate interest and potential use of a CTA, the study also investigated the population’s interest in new functionalities. Methods An online survey was administered in Belgium to a sample of 1850 respondents aged 18 to 64 years. Data were collected between October 30 and November 2, 2020. Sociodemographic differences were assessed between users and nonusers. We analyzed both groups’ attitudes toward the potential impact of CTAs and their acceptance of new app functionalities. Results Our data showed that 64.9% (1201/1850) of our respondents were nonusers of the CTA under study; this included individuals who did not install the app, those who downloaded but did not activate the app, and those who uninstalled the app. While we did not find any sociodemographic differences between users and nonusers, attitudes toward the app and its functionalities seemed to differ. The main reasons for not downloading and using the app were a perceived lack of advantages (308/991, 31.1%), worries about privacy (290/991, 29.3%), and, to a lesser extent, not having a smartphone (183/991, 18.5%). Users of the CTA agreed more with the potential of such apps to mitigate the consequences of the pandemic. Overall, nonusers found the possibility of extending the CTA with future functionalities to be less acceptable than users. However, among users, acceptability also tended to differ. Among users, functionalities relating to access and control, such as digital certificates or “green cards” for events, were less accepted (358/649, 55.2%) than functionalities focusing on informing citizens about the spread of the virus (453/649, 69.8%) or making an appointment to get tested (525/649, 80.9%). Conclusions Our results show that app users were more convinced of the CTA’s utility and more inclined to accept new app features than nonusers. Moreover, nonusers had more CTA-related privacy concerns. Therefore, to further stimulate app adoption and use, its potential advantages and privacy-preserving mechanisms need to be stressed. Building further knowledge on the forms of resistance among nonusers is important for responding to these barriers through the app’s further development and communication campaigns.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reasons for Nonuse, Discontinuation of Use, and Acceptance of Additional Functionalities of a COVID-19 Contact Tracing App: Cross-sectional Survey Study

Walrave¹,

Waeterloos²,

Ponnet³

2022

JMIR Public Health Surveill

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The results showed that paperbased vaccination certificates were generally favoured over digital COVID-19 vaccination certificates [10]. In addition, benefits of digital COVID-19 vaccination certificates and paper-based COVID-19 vaccination certificates should not be limited to documentation purposes only, as cited in [10]. Digital COVID-19 vaccination certificates can be used to execute various functions.…”

Section: The Format Covid-19 Vaccination Certificate Must Takementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Digital and paper-based vaccine certificates were used for documentation purposes only [assumed]. The results showed that paperbased vaccination certificates were generally favoured over digital COVID-19 vaccination certificates [10]. In addition, benefits of digital COVID-19 vaccination certificates and paper-based COVID-19 vaccination certificates should not be limited to documentation purposes only, as cited in [10].…”

Section: The Format Covid-19 Vaccination Certificate Must Takementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Should the COVID-19 vaccination certificate be an enhanced version of the International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, potentially in the form of an electronic record? Another studies by Kowalewski et al [10] proposes that digital tools play a vital role in mitigating the spread of COVID-19. Digitalising COVID-19 vaccination certificates can minimise physical contact during verification of vaccination status at public events and local and international airports.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Digitalising COVID-19 vaccination certificates can minimise physical contact during verification of vaccination status at public events and local and international airports. However, an online representative study conducted in Germany on a sample of 599 participants assessing user perception of vaccination certificates indicated that the majority of participants favoured paper-based COVID-19 vaccination certificates over digital COVID-19 vaccination certificates [10]. Obligatory COVID-19 certification (showing recent negative test, proof of recovery, or vaccination) has been tabled in some countries [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Moving towards Digitising COVID-19 Vaccination Certificate: A Systematic Review of Literature

et al. 2022

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The coronavirus pandemic is the greatest crisis of our time, having claimed over 2 million lives and shocking the global economy. Scientists and governments have suggested the idea of a digital COVID-19 certificate, to identify vaccinated persons easily. This paper assesses the positions of stakeholders on COVID-19 vaccination certificates, their presentation, and their importance. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was applied in this study. Search terms with Boolean and/or operators were combined to increase relevant results. Four large digital databases were used for the search. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to screen 298 collated studies. Two reviewers independently assessed search results, extracted data, and assessed the quality of the included studies. It is essential to re-examine digital COVID-19 vaccination certificates, considering their benefits, such as real-time detection of fake vaccination certificates and identifying and mapping non-vaccinated areas for strategic vaccination planning. The use of a single electronic platform globally will ease verification processes while bringing economies back to their feet. Digital COVID-19 vaccination certificates may provide balance in this pandemic era. With digital COVID-19 certificate exceeding documentation purposes, it is important to recognise factors such as global economy and human rights, boosting free movements of persons.

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Enhancing Government Actions Against Covid-19 Using Computer Science

Gaie

Mueck²

2023

Artificial Intelligence-Enhanced Software and Systems Engineering

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Proof-of-Vax: Studying User Preferences and Perception of Covid Vaccination Certificates

Cited by 8 publications

References 32 publications

Reasons for Nonuse, Discontinuation of Use, and Acceptance of Additional Functionalities of a COVID-19 Contact Tracing App: Cross-sectional Survey Study

Reasons for Nonuse, Discontinuation of Use, and Acceptance of Additional Functionalities of a COVID-19 Contact Tracing App: Cross-sectional Survey Study

Moving towards Digitising COVID-19 Vaccination Certificate: A Systematic Review of Literature

Enhancing Government Actions Against Covid-19 Using Computer Science

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