Proof of Vote: A High-Performance Consensus Protocol Based on Vote Mechanism &amp; Consortium Blockchain

Li, Kejiao; Li, Hui; Hou, Hanxu; Li, Kedan; Chen, Yongle

doi:10.1109/hpcc-smartcity-dss.2017.61

Cited by 109 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In some cases, the consensus algorithm is a computationally demanding cryptographic hash, as in the case of Bitcoin [4], and the miners will be rewarded for completing validation of the block. Voting based consensus algorithms include Ripple [30], Proof-of-Vote [31], and Proof-of-Trust [32]. A lightweight consensus algorithm named Proof of Authentication (PoAh) specifically geared towards the IoT has been introduced [33,34].…”

Section: Publicmentioning

confidence: 99%

PUFchain: A Hardware-Assisted Blockchain for Sustainable Simultaneous Device and Data Security in the Internet of Everything (IoE)

Mohanty

Yanambaka

Kougianos

et al. 2020

IEEE Consumer Electron. Mag.

107

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This article presents the first-ever blockchain which can simultaneously handle device and data security, which is important for the emerging Internet-of-Everything (IoE). This article presents a unique concept of blockchain that integrates hardware security primitives called Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) to solve scalability, latency, and energy requirement challenges and is called PUFchain. Data management and security (and privacy) of data, devices, and individuals, are some of the issues in the IoE architectures that need to be resolved. Integrating the blockchain into the IoE environment can help solve these issues and helps in the aspects of data storage and security. This article introduces a new blockchain architecture called PUFchain and introduces a new consensus algorithm called "Proof of PUF-Enabled Authentication" (PoP) for deployment in PUFchain. The proposed PoP is the PUF integration into our previously proposed Proof-of-Authentication (PoAh) consensus algorithm and can be called "Hardware-Assisted Proof-of-Authentication (HA-PoAh)". However, PUF integration is possible in the existing and new consensus algorithms. PoP utilizes PUFs which are responsible for generating a unique key that cannot be cloned and hence provide the highest level of security. A PUF uses the nanoelectronic manufacturing variations that are introduced during the fabrication of an integrated circuit to generate the keys. Hence, once generated from a PUF module, the keys cannot be cloned or generated from any other module. PUFchain uses a PUF and Hashing module which performs the necessary cryptographic functions. Hence the mining process is offloaded to the hardware module which reduces the processing times. PoP is approximately 1,000× faster than the well-established Proof-of-Work (PoW) and 5× faster than Proof-of-Authentication (PoAh). The transaction time reduction compared to PoAh is 79.15%. An optimized ultra low power design of the PUF and hashing module also provides a significant decrease of power consumption.

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Section: Publicmentioning

confidence: 99%

PUFchain: A Hardware-Assisted Blockchain for Sustainable Simultaneous Device and Data Security in the Internet of Everything (IoE)

Mohanty

Yanambaka

Kougianos

et al. 2020

IEEE Consumer Electron. Mag.

107

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“…Li [56] proposed a Proof of Vote(PoV) consensus mechanism where a group of commissioners vote for the selection of butler who are responsible for mining on the Blockchain. PoV outputs higher performance in terms of power and delay.…”

Section: Consensus Mechanism In Blockchainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain leveraged decentralized IoT eHealth framework

et al. 2020

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Blockchain technologies recently emerging for eHealth, can facilitate a secure, decentralized and patient-driven, record management system. However, Blockchain technologies cannot accommodate the storage of data generated from IoT devices in remote patient management (RPM) applications as this application requires a fast consensus mechanism, careful management of keys and enhanced protocols for privacy. In this paper, we propose a Blockchain leveraged decentralized eHealth architecture which comprises three layers: 1) The Sensing layer-Body Area Sensor Networks include medical sensors typically on or in a patient body transmitting data to a smartphone. 2) The NEAR processing layer-Edge Networks consist of devices at one hop from the data sensing IoT devices. 3) The FAR processing layer-Core Networks comprise Cloud or other high computing servers). A Patient Agent (PA) software replicated on the three layers processes medical data to ensure reliable, secure and private communication. The PA executes a lightweight Blockchain consensus mechanism and utilizes a Blockchain leveraged task-offloading algorithm to ensure patient's privacy while outsourcing tasks. Performance analysis of the decentralized eHealth architecture has been conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the system in the processing and storage of health data.

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“…All nodes have reached consensus on the information in this block. According to different functional requirements, the current consensus mechanism is mainly divided into the following five categories: Proof of Work (POW) [67], Proof of Stake (POS) [68], Delegated Proof of Stake (DPOS) and Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) [69]. Energy internet has the dispatch center, so it cannot be completely decentralized.…”

Section: Consensus Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain Technology for Information Security of the Energy Internet: Fundamentals, Features, Strategy and Application

Zeng

Cao

et al. 2020

Energies

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In order to ensure the information security, most of the important information including the data of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) in the energy internet is currently transmitted and exchanged through the intranet or the carrier communication. The former increases the cost of network construction, and the latter is susceptible to interference and attacks in the process of information dissemination. The blockchain is an emerging decentralized architecture and distributed computing paradigm. Under the premise that these nodes do not need mutual trust, the blockchain can implement trusted peer-to-peer communication for protecting the important information by adopting distributed consensus mechanisms, encryption algorithms, point-to-point transmission and smart contracts. In response to the above issues, this paper firstly analyzes the information security problems existing in the energy internet from the four perspectives of system control layer, device access, market transaction and user privacy. Then blockchain technology is introduced, and its working principles and technical characteristics are analyzed. Based on the technical characteristics, we propose the multilevel and multichain information transmission model for the weak centralization of scheduling and the decentralization of transaction. Furthermore, we discuss that the information transmission model helps solve some of the information security issues from the four perspectives of system control, device access, market transaction and user privacy. Application examples are used to illustrate the technical features that benefited from the blockchain for the information security of the energy internet.

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Proof of Vote: A High-Performance Consensus Protocol Based on Vote Mechanism & Consortium Blockchain

Cited by 109 publications

References 2 publications

PUFchain: A Hardware-Assisted Blockchain for Sustainable Simultaneous Device and Data Security in the Internet of Everything (IoE)

PUFchain: A Hardware-Assisted Blockchain for Sustainable Simultaneous Device and Data Security in the Internet of Everything (IoE)

Blockchain leveraged decentralized IoT eHealth framework

Blockchain Technology for Information Security of the Energy Internet: Fundamentals, Features, Strategy and Application

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