Propagation and attenuation of pulses driven by low velocity normal impacts in granular media

Quillen, Alice C.; Neiderbach, Max; Suo, Bingcheng; South, Juliana; Wright, Esteban; Skerrett, Nathan; Sánchez, Paul; Cúñez, Fernando David; Miklavcic, Peter; Askari, Heesam

doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2022.115139

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 75 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This means that when measuring the velocity of transmission of the peak in kinetic energy or pressure produced by the pulse, the results should not vary by much, even if, as can be observed, the peak in pressure tends to precede the arrival of the peak in kinetic energy. Figures 7(a) and (c) show that as time passes, there is a decay of the pulse amplitude and a broadening of the pulse, similar to what has been observed at higher confining pressures (Langlois & Jia 2015;Quillen et al 2022). Pulse broadening arises due to variations and irregularities in the force contact network, such as variations in travel times along different force contact chains (Owens & Daniels 2011) and irregularities in the force contact network Figure 8 shows the velocity of transmission of the peak of the energy of the impact through the granular medium versus the confining pressure applied to the system.…”

Section: Transmission Of a Pulsesupporting

confidence: 70%

Transmission of a Seismic Wave Generated by Impacts on Granular Asteroids

2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this paper, we use a soft-sphere discrete element method code to simulate the transmission and study the attenuation of a seismic wave. Then, we apply our findings to the different space missions that have had to touch the surface of different small bodies in the solar system. Additionally, we do the same in regard to the seismic wave generated by the hypervelocity impacts produced by the DART and Hayabusa2 missions once the shock wave transforms into a seismic wave. We find that even at very low pressures, such as those present in the interior of asteroids, the seismic wave speed can still be on the order of hundreds of meters per second depending on the velocity of the impact that produces the wave. As expected from experimental measurements, our results show that wave velocity is directly dependent on P 1/6, where P is the total pressure (confining pressure plus wave-induced pressure). Regardless of the pressure of the system and the velocity of the impact (in the investigated range), energy dissipation is extremely high. These results provide us with a way to anticipate the extent to which a seismic wave could have been capable of moving some small particles on the surface of a small body upon contact with a spacecraft. Additionally, this rapid energy dissipation would imply that even hypervelocity impacts should perturb only the external layer of a self-gravitating aggregate on which segregation and other phenomena could take place. This would, in turn, produce a layered structure of which some evidence has been observed.

show abstract

Section: Transmission Of a Pulsesupporting

confidence: 70%

Transmission of a Seismic Wave Generated by Impacts on Granular Asteroids

2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Max Slope, ρ S = 2.2 g cm −3 , β = 1.0 (e ≈ 0.008) instrument, will measure the dynamical slopes as one of its science objectives (Michel et al 2018;Karatekin & Le Bras 2021;Ritter et al 2021). The seismic pulse delivered by the DART impact may significantly alter surface features on Dimorphos (Quillen et al 2022b;Thomas & Robinson 2005). We also note that the global shape of Dimorphos may also be immediately altered by the DART impact itself .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Rotation-induced granular motion on the secondary component of binary asteroids: Application to the DART impact on Dimorphos

Agrusa

Ballouz

Meyer

et al. 2022

A&A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Context. NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission will kinetically impact Dimorphos, the secondary component of the Didymos binary asteroid system, which will excite Dimorphos’s dynamical state and lead to significant libration about the synchronous state and possibly chaotic non-principal axis rotation. Although this particular outcome is human caused, many other secondary components of binary systems are also prone to such exotic spin states. Aims. For a satellite in an excited spin state, the time-varying tidal and rotational environment can lead to significant surface accelerations. Depending on the circumstances, this mechanism may drive granular motion on the surface of the secondary. Methods. We modeled the dynamical evolution of a Didymos-like binary asteroid system using a fully coupled, three-dimensional simulation code. Then, we computed the time-varying gravitational and rotational accelerations felt over the entire surface resulting from the secondary’s perturbed dynamical state. Results. We find that an excited spin and orbit can induce large changes in the effective surface slope, potentially triggering granular motion and surface refreshment. However, for the case of the DART impact, this effect is highly dependent on many unknowns, such as Dimorphos’s detailed shape, bulk density, surface geology, and the momentum transferred. Aside from the Didymos system and the DART mission, this effect also has important implications for binary systems in general.

show abstract

“…When Hera arrives, its optical instruments and CubeSats, especially the Juventas CubeSat and its onboard GRAvimeter for small Solar System bodies (GRASS) instrument, will measure the dynamical slopes as one of its science objectives (Michel et al 2018;Karatekin et al 2021;Ritter et al 2021). The seismic pulse delivered by the DART impact may significantly alter surface features on Dimorphos (Quillen et al 2022b;Thomas & Robinson 2005). We also note that the global shape of Dimorphos may also be immediately altered by the DART impact itself .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Rotation-induced granular motion on the secondary component of binary asteroids: Application to the DART impact on Dimorphos

Agrusa¹,

Ballouz²,

Meyer³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Context. NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission will kinetically impact Dimorphos, the secondary component of the Didymos binary asteroid system, which will excite Dimorphos's dynamical state and lead to significant libration about the synchronous state and possibly chaotic non-principal axis rotation. Although this particular outcome is human caused, many other secondary components of binary systems are also prone to such exotic spin states. Aims. For a satellite in an excited spin state, the time-varying tidal and rotational environment can lead to significant surface accelerations. Depending on the circumstances, this mechanism may drive granular motion on the surface of the secondary. Methods. We modeled the dynamical evolution of a Didymos-like binary asteroid system using a fully coupled, three-dimensional simulation code. Then, we computed the time-varying gravitational and rotational accelerations felt over the entire surface resulting from the secondary's perturbed dynamical state. Results. We find that an excited spin and orbit can induce large changes in the effective surface slope, potentially triggering granular motion and surface refreshment. However, for the case of the DART impact, this effect is highly dependent on many unknowns, such as Dimorphos's detailed shape, bulk density, surface geology, and the momentum transferred. Aside from the Didymos system and the DART mission, this effect also has important implications for binary systems in general.

show abstract

Propagation and attenuation of pulses driven by low velocity normal impacts in granular media

Cited by 13 publications

References 75 publications

Transmission of a Seismic Wave Generated by Impacts on Granular Asteroids

Transmission of a Seismic Wave Generated by Impacts on Granular Asteroids

Rotation-induced granular motion on the secondary component of binary asteroids: Application to the DART impact on Dimorphos

Rotation-induced granular motion on the secondary component of binary asteroids: Application to the DART impact on Dimorphos

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About