Propagation Characteristics of A 2.4GHz Wireless Sensor Module with A Pattern Antenna in Forestry and Agriculture Field

Hamasaki, Toshihiko

doi:10.1109/rfit.2019.8929207

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Although Two-Ray is one of the most widely used in WSN propagation studies in PA contexts, most papers report its use in comparison to other models to estimate its effectiveness, as presented in Refs. [ 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ]. Furthermore, in Refs.…”

Section: Technical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As for agricultural fields, also called outdoor crops, radio wave propagation has been modeled for a considerable number of crop types. The SLR highlights that most of the work is in cereal fields, especially rice [ 41 , 50 , 54 , 72 , 73 ], corn [ 25 , 41 , 74 ], and wheat [ 12 , 75 , 76 ]. Fruit plantations, which are also part of the outdoor crops category, have been mainly: mango [ 39 , 40 , 41 ] and guava [ 39 , 41 ].…”

Section: Technical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling Radio Wave Propagation for Wireless Sensor Networks in Vegetated Environments: A Systematic Literature Review

Barrios-Ulloa

Ariza-Colpas

Sánchez-Moreno

et al. 2022

Sensors

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The use of wireless sensor networks (WSN) for monitoring variables in agricultural environments and natural forests has been increasing in recent years. However, the sizing of these systems is affected by the inaccuracy of the radio wave propagation models used, leading to possible increased costs and measurement errors. This systematic literature review (SLR) aims to identify propagation models widely used in WSN deployments in agricultural or naturally vegetated environments and their effectiveness in estimating signal losses. We also identified today’s wireless technologies most used in precision agriculture (PA) system implementations. In addition, the results of studies focused on the development of new propagation models for different environments are evaluated. Scientific and technical analysis is presented based on articles consulted in different specialized databases, which were selected according to different combinations of criteria. The results show that, in most of the application cases, vegetative models present high error values when estimating attenuation.

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Section: Technical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Technical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Radio Wave Propagation for Wireless Sensor Networks in Vegetated Environments: A Systematic Literature Review

Barrios-Ulloa

Ariza-Colpas

Sánchez-Moreno

et al. 2022

Sensors

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“…h t and h c are the heights of the trunk and crown, respectively. The volume of the rectangular prism placed homogeneously between the trees is given in Equation (11).…”

Section: The Path Loss Model Based On Volumetric Density Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are generally animal behavior monitoring, industrial detection, health monitoring, consumption, and military applications. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Besides these applications, this technology is also commonly used for precision agriculture applications in the various vegetation environments such as fruit orchard. [5][6][7] The usage of wireless sensor networks (WSN) has become significant with the aim of monitoring and management, especially in vegetative environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new empirical propagation model depending on volumetric density in citrus orchards for wireless sensor network applications at sub‐6 GHz frequency region

Doğan¹

2021

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

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The accuracy of the path loss models directly affects the performance of the wireless sensor networks (WSN) and the efficiency of coverage planning. In this article, as a novelty, new empirical path loss models with foliage depth are proposed at two different 5G frequencies (3.5 and 4.2 GHz) based on volumetric density rate (v) of the trees in citrus orchards for WSN. In order to generate/verify empirical models, measurements are performed at different locations with similar environment characteristics. First, the measurements are compared with commonly used empirical models such as LITU-R, FITU-R, Cost 235, and log-normal, and they are found to be compatible with these models. Second, empirical path loss model is generated based on these measurements. Accordingly, for 3.5 and 4.2 GHz, the coefficient of determination (R 2 ) values are 0.966 and 0.965, respectively. Thirdly, based on the proposed model, it is determined that increasing the v value by 30% increased path loss by 20 dB. Finally, the performance of the proposed models is compared with four different empiric models for calculated v as 0.571. Additionally, the 3.08 and 3.46 root mean square error values of the proposed models are considerably better than those of other models.

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“…The wireless sensor networks (WSN) are an integral part of the Internet of Things (IoT) that connects the digital world with the real world [1,2]. It is usually used for low-cost applications in outdoor environments [3,4] to study the variability in the collection of environmental parameters for precision agriculture [5,6], such as temperature, humidity, soil nutrients, etc., deployed in vegetation environments [7,8]. The nodes are equipped with a microprocessor, transceiver, energy unit, and sensors that collect, process, and store data [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical Model of Radio Wave Propagation in the Presence of Vegetation inside Greenhouses Using Regularized Regressions

Cama-Pinto

Damas

Holgado-Terriza

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Spain is Europe’s leading exporter of tomatoes harvested in greenhouses. The production of tomatoes should be kept and increased, supported by precision agriculture to meet food and commercial demand. The wireless sensor network (WSN) has demonstrated to be a tool to provide farmers with useful information on the state of their plantations due to its practical deployment. However, in order to measure its deployment within a crop, it is necessary to know the communication coverage of the nodes that make up the network. The multipath propagation of radio waves between the transceivers of the WSN nodes inside a greenhouse is degraded and attenuated by the intricate complex of stems, branches, leaf twigs, and fruits, all randomly oriented, that block the line of sight, consequently generating a signal power loss as the distance increases. Although the COST235 (European Cooperation in Science and Technology - COST), ITU-R (International Telecommunications Union—Radiocommunication Sector), FITU-R (Fitted ITU-R), and Weisbberger models provide an explanation of the radio wave propagation in the presence of vegetation in the 2.4 GHz ICM band, some significant discrepancies were found when they are applied to field tests with tomato greenhouses. In this paper, a novel method is proposed for determining an empirical model of radio wave attenuation for vegetation in the 2.4 GHz band, which includes the vegetation height as a parameter in addition to the distance between transceivers of WNS nodes. The empirical attenuation model was obtained applying regularized regressions with a multiparametric equation using experimental signal RSSI measurements achieved by our own RSSI measurement system for our field tests in four plantations. The evaluation parameters gave 0.948 for R2, 0.946 for R2 Adj considering 5th grade polynomial (20 parameters), and 0.942 for R2, and 0.940 for R2 Adj when a reduction of parameters was applied using the cross validation (15 parameters). These results verify the rationality and reliability of the empirical model. Finally, the model was validated considering experimental data from other plantations, reaching similar results to our proposed model.

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Propagation Characteristics of A 2.4GHz Wireless Sensor Module with A Pattern Antenna in Forestry and Agriculture Field

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Modeling Radio Wave Propagation for Wireless Sensor Networks in Vegetated Environments: A Systematic Literature Review

Modeling Radio Wave Propagation for Wireless Sensor Networks in Vegetated Environments: A Systematic Literature Review

A new empirical propagation model depending on volumetric density in citrus orchards for wireless sensor network applications at sub‐6 GHz frequency region

Empirical Model of Radio Wave Propagation in the Presence of Vegetation inside Greenhouses Using Regularized Regressions

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