Propagation of electromagnetic radiation in mitochondria?

Thar, Roland; Kühl, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2004.05.021

Cited by 88 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Biophoton communication (as weak optical communication) of neuronal cells can be performed by natural photosensitive chromophores of neuronal cells as porphyrin ring, flavinic or pyridinic rings (Thar and Kühl, 2004). For example, the electron transport chains on the inner membrane of mitochondria contain several photosensitive chromospheres.…”

Section: Biophoton Communication By Photosensitive Biomoleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, mitochondria are not only the main source of bioluminescent biophotons generated by regulated reactive oxygen species, but they also function as photoreceptors with their natural photosensitive chromophores (Kato et al, 1981;Karu, 1999). Ultraweak biophotons can be guided along the mitochondrial network (Thar and Kühl, 2004). Thus, the mitochondrial network can work as a bioluminescent biophoton communication network in cells and neurons.…”

Section: Biophoton Communication By Photosensitive Biomoleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Steele, 2003;Watts et al, 1995;Kruk et al, 1989;Nakano, 2005). Mitochondrial oxidative metabolism is the main source of ultraweak photons (Thar and Kühl, 2004). This ultraweak photon emission comprises various ranges of wavelengths including infrared, visible, and ultraviolet ranges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visual perception and imagery: A new molecular hypothesis

Bókkon

2009

Biosystems

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Here, we put forward a redox molecular hypothesis about the natural biophysical substrate of visual perception and visual imagery. This hypothesis is based on the redox and bioluminescent processes of neuronal cells in retinotopically organized cytochrome oxidaserich visual areas. Our hypothesis is in line with the functional roles of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in living cells that are not part of haphazard process, but rather a very strict mechanism used in signaling pathways. We point out that there is a direct relationship between neuronal activity and the biophoton emission process in the brain. Electrical and biochemical processes in the brain represent sensory information from the external world. During encoding or retrieval of information, electrical signals of neurons can be converted into synchronized biophoton signals by bioluminescent radical and non-radical processes. Therefore, information in the brain appears not only as an electrical (chemical) signal but also as a regulated biophoton (weak optical) signal inside neurons.During visual perception, the topological distribution of photon stimuli on the retina is represented by electrical neuronal activity in retinotopically organized visual areas. These retinotopic electrical signals in visual neurons can be converted into synchronized biophoton signals by radical and non-radical processes in retinotopically organized mitochondrial-rich areas. As a result, regulated bioluminescent biophotons can create intrinsic pictures (depictive representation) in retinotopically organized cytochrome oxidase-rich visual areas during visual imagery and visual perception. The long-term visual memory is interpreted as epigenetic information regulated by free radicals and redox processes. This hypothesis does not claim to solve the secret of consciousness, but proposes that the evolution of higher levels of complexity made the intrinsic picture representation of the external visual world possible by regulated redox and bioluminescent reactions in the visual system during visual perception and visual imagery.

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Section: Biophoton Communication By Photosensitive Biomoleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biophoton Communication By Photosensitive Biomoleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visual perception and imagery: A new molecular hypothesis

Bókkon

2009

Biosystems

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“…It is very possible that externally measured UPE from diverse cells is originating mainly from naturally occurring oxidation (mainly ROS-mediated reactions) processes in cellular membrane surface areas. According to Thar and Kühl (2004), the real photon intensity inside cells can be drastically higher than one would expect from the measurements on ultra-weak bioluminescence, which is usually measured some centimeters apart from the cells. It is a known fact that photons are strongly scattered and absorbed in cellular systems; there are estimations for a given measured intensity of the UPE that the corresponding intensity of biophotons within the organism or cell can even be two orders of magnitude higher than measured (Cilento, 1988;Slawinski, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphene perception is due to the ultra-weak photon emission produced in various parts of the visual system: glutamate in the focus

Császár¹,

Scholkmann²,

Salari³

et al. 2016

Reviews in the Neurosciences

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AbstractPhosphenes are experienced sensations of light, when there is no light causing them. The physiological processes underlying this phenomenon are still not well understood. Previously, we proposed a novel biopsychophysical approach concerning the cause of phosphenes based on the assumption that cellular endogenous ultra-weak photon emission (UPE) is the biophysical cause leading to the sensation of phosphenes. Briefly summarized, the visual sensation of light (phosphenes) is likely to be due to the inherent perception of UPE of cells in the visual system. If the intensity of spontaneous or induced photon emission of cells in the visual system exceeds a distinct threshold, it is hypothesized that it can become a conscious light sensation. Discussing several new and previous experiments, we point out that the UPE theory of phosphenes should be really considered as a scientifically appropriate and provable mechanism to explain the physiological basis of phosphenes. In the present paper, we also present our idea that some experiments may support that the cortical phosphene lights are due to the glutamate-related excess UPE in the occipital cortex.

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“…It is known that the intensity of real biophotons inside cells and neurons is considerably higher than that which would be expected by measuring an ultraweak bioluminescence [17,32,33]. The real intensity of the biophotons within an organ is estimated to be up to two orders of magnitude higher than the intensity of the measured bioluminescence [34,35].…”

Section: Jr Choi Et Al / Classical Analysis Of Time Behavior Of Ramentioning

confidence: 88%

Classical analysis of time behavior of radiation fields associated with biophoton signals

Choi

Kim

Sever

et al. 2016

THC

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Abstract. BACKGROUND:Propagation of photon signals in biological systems, such as neurons, accompanies the production of biophotons. The role of biophotons in a cell deserves special attention because it can be applied to diverse optical systems. OBJECTIVE: This work has been aimed to investigate the time behavior of biophoton signals emitted from living systems in detail, by introducing a Hamiltonian that describes the process. The ratio of the energy loss during signal dissipation will also be investigated. METHOD: To see the adiabatic properties of the biophoton signal, we introduced an adiabatic invariant of the system according to the method of its basic formulation. RESULTS: The energy of the released biophoton dissipates over time in a somewhat intricate way when t is small. However, after a sufficient long time, it dissipates in proportion (1 + λ0t) 2 to where λ0 is a constant that is relevant to the degree of dissipation. We have confirmed that the energy of the biophoton signal oscillates in a particular way while it dissipates. CONCLUSION: This research clarifies the characteristics of radiation fields associated with biophotons on the basis of Hamiltonian dynamics which describes phenomenological aspects of biophotons signals.

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Propagation of electromagnetic radiation in mitochondria?

Cited by 88 publications

References 50 publications

Visual perception and imagery: A new molecular hypothesis

Visual perception and imagery: A new molecular hypothesis

Phosphene perception is due to the ultra-weak photon emission produced in various parts of the visual system: glutamate in the focus

Classical analysis of time behavior of radiation fields associated with biophoton signals

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