Propagation of electromagnetic waves in Kolmogorov and non-Kolmogorov atmospheric turbulence: three-layer altitude model

Zilberman, Arkadi; Golbraikh, E.; Kopeika, Norman S.

doi:10.1364/ao.47.006385

Cited by 136 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…(5)- (8) arbitrary moment radius of HermiteGaussian beam can be derived. In general, the spatial power spectrum is written as [11,16] …”

Section: Formulation For Arbitrary Moment Radius Of Hermite-gaussian mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…/ 4π 2 is a constant that maintains consistency between the index structure function and its power spectrum [9,11,16], β is the general refractive index structure constant and has the units of…”

Section: Formulation For Arbitrary Moment Radius Of Hermite-gaussian mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following Ref. [11], the relation between β and C 2 n is adopted as β = 0.033C 2 n (k/z) (α−11/3)/2 /A in present paper.…”

Section: Formulation For Arbitrary Moment Radius Of Hermite-gaussian mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of Beam Quality and Shape of Hermite-Gaussian Beam in Non-Kolmogorov Turbulence

Chu¹

2011

PIER

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Abstract-There are many applications of beam quality and beam shape in turbulent atmosphere. Because M 2 factor and kurtosis parameters are often used to descripe beam quality and intensity flatness, the evolution of these two parameters of Hermite-Gaussian beam in turbulent atmosphere have been studied in both theory and numerical calculation. Results show that the spectrum of refractive index fluctuations has a strong effect on these two parameters. For some spectral models, these two parameters are very sensitive to some factors of turbulence. But for other spectral models, the factor is very insensitive to these factors. For example, when the exponent of the spectrum is very small, M 2 factor is very insensitive to the outer scale of turbulence. But when the exponent of the spectrum is very large, the M 2 factor is very insensitive to the inner scale. In addition, we also found that there are many differences between the kurtosis parameters under different conditions. For example, the kurtosis parameters may be very large during propagation. Namely, beam shape may be very sharp under some conditions. When the effects of turbulence is very large or very small, beam shape is very flat.

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“…(5)- (8) arbitrary moment radius of HermiteGaussian beam can be derived. In general, the spatial power spectrum is written as [11,16] …”

Section: Formulation For Arbitrary Moment Radius Of Hermite-gaussian mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Formulation For Arbitrary Moment Radius Of Hermite-gaussian mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of Beam Quality and Shape of Hermite-Gaussian Beam in Non-Kolmogorov Turbulence

Chu¹

2011

PIER

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“…However, the Kolmogorov spectrum is only effective in inertial subrange. In last several decades, it has been experimentally indicated that turbulence in the upper troposphere and stratosphere deviates from predictions of the Kolmogorov model [2,3], and in the case of laser propagation along the vertical direction, the turbulence is no longer homogeneous in three dimensions, since the vertical component is suppressed [4]. Taking into account the slope variation of the atmospheric power spectrum, Toselli et al introduced a non-Kolmogorov power spectrum [5,6] by using a generalized exponent and a generalized amplitude factor instead of a constant standard exponent value 11/3 and a constant value 0.033 associated with the conventional Kolmogorov power spectrum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beam Propagation Factor of Partially Coherent Laguerre --- Gaussian Beams in Non-Kolmogorov Turbulence

Luo¹,

Xu²,

Cui³

et al. 2012

PIER M

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Abstract-In order to study beam-propagation factor (M 2 -factor) of partially coherent Laguerre-Gaussian (PCLG) beams in nonKolmogorov turbulence, a generalized exponent and a generalized amplitude factor are introduced. Based on the extended HuygensFresnel principle and second-order moments of the Wigner distribution function (WDF), the analytical formula of M 2 -factor for PCLG beams in non-Kolmogorov turbulence is derived. The corresponding numerical results are also calculated. Results show that for PCLG beams propagating in non-Kolmogorov turbulence, the bigger the beam order or outer scale is, or the smaller the correlation length, C 2 n , or inner scale is, the smaller the value of the normalized M 2 -factor is. Furthermore, the normalized M 2 -factor of PCLG beams increases with the increasing of α until it reaches the maximum point, then it gradually decreases the increasing of α.

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“…For the propagation along the slant path, the turbulence shows non-Kolmogorov characters, and its spectral exponent depends strongly on the altitude [5]. It can be understood by the mechanisms of turbulent generation and dissipation being different at high and low altitudes, which results in the difference in turbulent spectra [6].…”

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confidence: 99%

Average spreading of rectangular elliptical Gaussian beam array propagating in non-Kolmogorov turbulence

Tang

2011

Appl. Phys. B

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The spreading properties of the rectangular elliptical Gaussian beam (EGB) array propagating in nonKolmogorov turbulence are investigated by using the derived analytical expression for the root-mean-square (rms) beam width. The results indicate that the rms beam width of the EGB array is smaller than that of the circular Gaussian beam array for long-distance propagation. The optimum separation distances are proved to exist and have a strong dependence on the ratio of the waist width along the long axis to that along the short axis of the EGB. Further, the rms beam width in non-Kolmogorov turbulence is different from that in Kolmogorov turbulence.

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Propagation of electromagnetic waves in Kolmogorov and non-Kolmogorov atmospheric turbulence: three-layer altitude model

Cited by 136 publications

References 24 publications

Evolution of Beam Quality and Shape of Hermite-Gaussian Beam in Non-Kolmogorov Turbulence

Evolution of Beam Quality and Shape of Hermite-Gaussian Beam in Non-Kolmogorov Turbulence

Beam Propagation Factor of Partially Coherent Laguerre --- Gaussian Beams in Non-Kolmogorov Turbulence

Average spreading of rectangular elliptical Gaussian beam array propagating in non-Kolmogorov turbulence

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