Propagation of
            <i>IMC67</i>
            Plants, Universal Cacao (
            <i>Theobroma Cacao</i>
            L.) Rootstock via Somatic Embryogenesis

Montoya, Tatiana Osorio; Ramírez, Ana María Henao; Vasquez, Tatiana de la Hoz; Trujillo, Aura Inés Urrea

doi:10.1080/15538362.2021.2023067

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The results in the study of the effect of subculture time on somatic embryogenesis response showed that petals and staminodes explants of C1, C8, C9, C14, and C16 genotypes induced callus at rates ranging from 87.13 to 100%. Similar observations were made by Kahia et al (2017) andOsorio Montoya et al (2022). According to their reports, T. cacao flower bud explants yield high percentages of callus during cocoa somatic embryogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…According to their reports, T. cacao flower bud explants yield high percentages of callus during cocoa somatic embryogenesis. Our results show a success that could also be explained by the nutrient composition of the culture medium and the effect of the hormonal balance used (Daouda et al, 2019;Osorio Montoya et al, 2022). The hormonal balance (2,4-D / TDZ) used in the culture medium is the best condition to obtain callus (Boutchouang et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

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Preferential expression of somatic embryogenesis in five elite genotypes of Theobroma cacao (L.) associated with explant type and protocols used

N’goran,

Minyaka,

Kouassi

et al. 2023

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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This study aims to identify the suitable subculturing time, culture media (protocols) and explants type suitable for somatic embryogenesis expression in five elite genotypes of Theobroma cacao L. Thus, petals and staminodes explants extracted from immature flower buds of genotypes (C1, C8, C9, C14, and C16) are first grown in different media (CIM and CDM) to assess the subculturing time. Then, successive transfers in EDM medium at every 4 weeks intervals until 24 weeks. To assess culture media preference, these genotypes were grown in four different protocols (I, II, III, and IV) for callus induction. They were then successively subcultured (four times at 4 weeks intervals) into EDM. About the subculture time, embryo expression is earlier in C1, C9, C14, and C16 genotypes (2nd and 4th weeks) than C8 genotype (12 and 16th weeks). However, C1, C14, and C16 (with staminodes explants) prefer protocol IV, while their petal explants prefer protocol II. Also, C9 staminodes explants prefer protocol III while the C9 and C8 petals explants prefer protocol I. This study has identified suitable explants and protocols for somatic embryo production in the tested genotypes. Moreover, this work has laid out a new strategy to overcome recalcitrance to the somatic embryogenesis of T. cacao genotypes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Preferential expression of somatic embryogenesis in five elite genotypes of Theobroma cacao (L.) associated with explant type and protocols used

N’goran,

Minyaka,

Kouassi

et al. 2023

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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“…In the analysis system, each part of the ES cacao plant production at the biofactory was detailed. The required input and output information to describe the behavior of the considered procedure was collected with the direction of staff belonging to the biofactory of Universidad de Antioquia and researchers with significant experience in ES cacao production [12][13][14][15][16][17] . Production plans and data bill of materials (BOM) for 100.000 batch plant production were realized according to Gronau, (2014) 10 (Supplemental 1 and 2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indicator framework for large-scale cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) in vitro plant production planning and controlling

Ramírez

Hajduk

Martínez

et al. 2023

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Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is considered the most suitable and integrated biotechnology for the large-scale production of clonal cacao plants compared to conventional methods. Hence, the scale-up of relevant technologies must be interfaced with effective and efficient management of productive processes at an industrial scale like biofactories. Production facilities like biofactories serve to transform plant resources into products like plantlets. This technology constitutes an essential innovative variant since it allows obtaining high multiplication coefficients in short periods. Currently, there is no reference to carrying out adequate planning of the entire production process; for this reason, it is not used for the maximum production capacity of the facilities, and there is a high level of uncertainty. With the aid of production planning and controlling (PPC) systems, inputs can be planned to achieve a determined output of products. Therefore, this work proposes a production planning and controlling (PPC) system for SE cacao plantlet multiplication through the pilot large-scale. This paper presents input and output information considering the leading indicators of the production process, like materials, labor, quality, and performance. Emphasis is placed on technical details on the production process of 100.000 plantlets in batches from the CCN51 genotype. Through the model analysis, challenges and requirements for PPC system have been defined as a basis for future works and will have successfully managed the production process. Keywords: Commercial-scale propagation, cost of production, indicators, somatic embryo, vegetative propagation.

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“…Genotype plays a dominant role in somatic embryogenesis response and in the conversion rate of embryos 54. The embryo-to-plant conversion rate reached 20 to 40% with a very strong genotype dependency and high batch-to-batch variability 10,44,55 .…”

Section: Plantlet Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regeneration of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) via somatic embryogenesis: Key aspects in the in vitro conversion stage and in the ex vitro adaptation of plantlets.

Ramírez

Muñoz

Vanegas

et al. 2023

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Adapting plantlets to ex vitro conditions is a decisive step in the micropropagation process via organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis (ES). The percentage of success in this stage determines the quality of the product, an example of which is found in cocoa plantlets regenerated by ES, which require specific conditions to overcome the stress of the new environment. Considering the quality of the in vitro plantlets largely determines the survival and growth in ex vitro conditions, the effect of two culture media between the embryo maturation stage and the initial stage of conversion to plantlet was evaluated (EM2 - MM6 and EM2 – MF medium), achieving with the latter greater stem height, root length and the number of true leaves. In the final stage of the conversion and growth of the plantlet, the effect of five culture media was evaluated (ENR6, MF, ENR8, EDL, PR), achieving better results in stem height, root length, and the number of true leaves on MF medium. In addition, it was found that the transition of the EM2-MF had a significant development in the presence of the desired pivoting root and fibrous roots. Under nursery conditions, the growth and development of the plantlets was tested through the inoculation of beneficial microorganisms to promote survival. The plantlets that met the minimum morphological parameters for acclimation were planted in a substrate of coconut palm and sand (3:1 v/v) previously selected in the laboratory (BS). The effect of Pseudomonas ACC deaminase (PAACd), Trichoderma asperellum (Ta) and arbuscular mycorrhiza forming fungus (AMF) and different concentrations of phosphorus (PC) (0%, 50% and 100%) in the Hoagland nutrient solution (1:10) was evaluated. First, for CCN5, 62.5% of survival was obtained with PAACd + AMF. Second, the largest leaf size and survival were obtained with PAACd + Ta for CNCh12 and CCN51; likewise, for CNCh13, the best result was obtained with PAACd. Keywords: Cacao, Clonal propagation, Mycorrhiza, Pseudomonas, Trichoderma.

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Propagation of IMC67 Plants, Universal Cacao ( Theobroma Cacao L.) Rootstock via Somatic Embryogenesis

Cited by 10 publications

References 32 publications

Preferential expression of somatic embryogenesis in five elite genotypes of Theobroma cacao (L.) associated with explant type and protocols used

Preferential expression of somatic embryogenesis in five elite genotypes of Theobroma cacao (L.) associated with explant type and protocols used

Indicator framework for large-scale cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) in vitro plant production planning and controlling

Regeneration of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) via somatic embryogenesis: Key aspects in the in vitro conversion stage and in the ex vitro adaptation of plantlets.

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