Propagation of negative electrical discharges through 2-dimensional packed bed reactors

Kruszelnicki, Juliusz; Engeling, Kenneth; Foster, John E.; Xiong, Zhongmin; Kushner, Mark J.

doi:10.1088/1361-6463/50/2/025203

Cited by 82 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Since a filamentary discharge needs higher breakdown voltage than a glow discharge, no filament occurs at −5 kV, so only the seed electron density (∼10 18 m −3 ) is shown in Figure 1a1-a4, which corresponds with the values in Ref. [29]. A limited volumetrically sustained filament appears at −10 kV, with an average speed of 3 × 10 5 m/s and a maximum electric field of 8.6 × 10 7 V/m.…”

Section: Effect Of Driving Voltagementioning

confidence: 62%

“…They also studied the same three types of discharges predicted in Ref. [29]. In addition, they reported a transition in discharge mode from surface discharges to local filamentary discharges upon increasing the dielectric constant of the packing from 5 to 1000.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…A filamentary MD may be tens of micrometers in space and can exist for a few nanoseconds [27], yielding a high concentration of reactive species in a narrow gap, which is beneficial for pollutant remediation. Furthermore, filamentary MDs can co-exist with SIWs along the surface of the dielectric beads in a PB-DBD reactor under proper conditions [28,29]. This may yield high concentrations of chemically active species and radicals on the surface due to electric field enhancement along the dielectric surface, compared to an unpacked DBD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is crucial to understand the properties of surface and volume discharges and their formation mechanisms. However, only a few theoretical studies have been performed for PB-DBD reactors [11,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. Russ et al [30] adopted a two-dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic theory to study transient MDs in a PB-DBD reactor for a gas mixture 80% N 2 , 20% O 2 , and 500 ppm NO, with 23 species and 120 plasma reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They reported that a packing enhanced the electric field strength and electron energy near the contact points of the dielectric beads. Microplasma discharges in humid air in a PB-DBD reactor were experimentally characterized through ICCDimaging and numerically simulated by the 2D multi-fluid simulator non PDPSIM, with a negative driving voltage at atmospheric pressure [29]. The behavior of three kinds of discharge modes, including positive streamers (restrikes), filamentary MDs and SIWs, were reported in their work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mode Transition of Filaments in Packed-Bed Dielectric Barrier Discharges

et al. 2018

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Abstract:We investigated the mode transition from volume to surface discharge in a packed bed dielectric barrier discharge reactor by a two-dimensional particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision method. The calculations are performed at atmospheric pressure for various driving voltages and for gas mixtures with different N 2 and O 2 compositions. Our results reveal that both a change of the driving voltage and gas mixture can induce mode transition. Upon increasing voltage, a mode transition from hybrid (volume+surface) discharge to pure surface discharge occurs, because the charged species can escape much more easily to the beads and charge the bead surface due to the strong electric field at high driving voltage. This significant surface charging will further enhance the tangential component of the electric field along the dielectric bead surface, yielding surface ionization waves (SIWs). The SIWs will give rise to a high concentration of reactive species on the surface, and thus possibly enhance the surface activity of the beads, which might be of interest for plasma catalysis. Indeed, electron impact excitation and ionization mainly take place near the bead surface. In addition, the propagation speed of SIWs becomes faster with increasing N 2 content in the gas mixture, and slower with increasing O 2 content, due to the loss of electrons by attachment to O 2 molecules. Indeed, the negative O − 2 ion density produced by electron impact attachment is much higher than the electron and positive O + 2 ion density. The different ionization rates between N 2 and O 2 gases will create different amounts of electrons and ions on the dielectric bead surface, which might also have effects in plasma catalysis.

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Section: Effect Of Driving Voltagementioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mode Transition of Filaments in Packed-Bed Dielectric Barrier Discharges

et al. 2018

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Direct Amination of Benzene with Molecular Nitrogen Enabled by Plasma‐Liquid Interactions

Zhao

Tang

et al. 2022

Angewandte Chemie

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Nitrogen fixation is industrially realized by mass production of ammonia, the principal intermediate nitrogen source for N‐containing organic molecules. Instead, direct C−N bond formation from dinitrogen (N2) is of great interest but remains a challenge. Here, by virtue of unique plasma–liquid interactions, we developed an environmentally benign one‐pot approach to directly couple benzene and N2, two naturally abundant yet chemically inert molecules, into value‐added arylamines. Under the optimal conditions, an amination yield of 45 % was rapidly achieved, far better than the reported benzene amination efficiency using ammonia. A tentative reaction mechanism was proposed involving the long‐lived N2 (A3Σnormalu+ ) and N2+ species, as evidenced by the key intermediates detected. With a deeper mechanistic understanding and by further optimizing the plasma reactor, the realization of cost‐effective electrical amination of benzene with N2 could become reality.

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Direct Amination of Benzene with Molecular Nitrogen Enabled by Plasma‐Liquid Interactions

Zhao

Tang

et al. 2022

Angew Chem Int Ed

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Nitrogen fixation is industrially realized by mass production of ammonia, the principal intermediate nitrogen source for N-containing organic molecules. Instead, direct CÀ N bond formation from dinitrogen (N 2 ) is of great interest but remains a challenge. Here, by virtue of unique plasma-liquid interactions, we developed an environmentally benign one-pot approach to directly couple benzene and N 2 , two naturally abundant yet chemically inert molecules, into valueadded arylamines. Under the optimal conditions, an amination yield of 45 % was rapidly achieved, far better than the reported benzene amination efficiency using ammonia. A tentative reaction mechanism was proposed involving the long-lived N 2 (A 3 S þ u ) and N 2 + species, as evidenced by the key intermediates detected. With a deeper mechanistic understanding and by further optimizing the plasma reactor, the realization of costeffective electrical amination of benzene with N 2 could become reality.

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Propagation of negative electrical discharges through 2-dimensional packed bed reactors

Cited by 82 publications

References 19 publications

Mode Transition of Filaments in Packed-Bed Dielectric Barrier Discharges

Mode Transition of Filaments in Packed-Bed Dielectric Barrier Discharges

Direct Amination of Benzene with Molecular Nitrogen Enabled by Plasma‐Liquid Interactions

Direct Amination of Benzene with Molecular Nitrogen Enabled by Plasma‐Liquid Interactions

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