Propagation variability assessments of ship defense HEL and HPM performance in worldwide maritime boundary layer environments at wavelengths of 1.0642 μm, 2.141 μm, 3.16 mm and 12.2 cm

Fiorino, Steven T.; Bartell, Richard J.; Krizo, Matthew J.; Cusumano, Salvatore J.

doi:10.1117/12.777568

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Also, the irradiance calculated with a standard atmosphere is very conservative as compared to the irradiance calculated with a temporally and spatially varied climatological atmosphere (old or new). As a previous study has found (Fiorino et al 2008), the assumption of standard atmosphere conditions-U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1976, with 23-km visibility MODTRAN rural aerosols and Hufnagel-Valley 5 /7 optical turbulence-in modeling analyses can lead to significant, misleading deviations from conclusions derived using realistic (climatological) environmental conditions. The most notable ''standard conditions'' deviations from climatology in this study are the lack of boundary layer aerosol size and extinction variations and the inappropriateness of the Hufnagel-Valley 5 /7 C n 2 profile in near-surface maritime environments.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Optical turbulence is often quantified with the index of refraction structure constant C n 2 . This parameter has a fairly significant wavelength dependence (Fiorino et al 2009); for example, a microwave radar at ;10-cm wavelength would measure a different C n 2 value than a scintillometer operating at ;1 mm would measure for the same optical path. This is due to the microwave energy being sensitive to both temperature and humidity gradients, while the near-IR light is mainly only affected by temperature gradients.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 demonstrates how extinction varies in the boundary layer in the climatological atmospheres for 1.0642 mm. Because maritime aerosols are salt based and hygroscopic, they increase in size and cause more scattering with height within the boundary layer due to increasing relative humidity with height (Fiorino et al 2007). The decrease of extinction with height in the first 20 m above the surface seen in the right panel of Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PDF nature of the HELEEOS atmospheric effects package enables realistic probabilistic outcome analyses, which permit an estimation of the confidence in the calculated probability of effect. HELEEOS users can additionally access, display, and export the atmospheric data independent of an HEL engagement simulation (Fiorino et al 2006). Molecular scattering is computed based on Rayleigh theory.…”

Section: A Description Of the Heleeos Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of these codes, the High Energy Laser End-to-End Operational Simulation (HELEEOS), is perhaps the first DEW simulation package to fully incorporate a correlated, probabilistic climatological database. The infusion of such realistic atmospheric effects into the simulations allows HELEEOS to better assess variability and uncertainty in system performance arising from spatial, spectral, and temporal variations in operating conditions (Fiorino et al 2008;Bartell et al 2005). The current study quantifies the impacts on ship-defense high-energy-laser (HEL) performance due to atmospheric effects in the marine boundary layer driven by recent changes in worldwide sea surface temperature (SST) variations and trends.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate Change: Anticipated Effects on High-Energy Laser Weapon Systems in Maritime Environments

Fiorino

Randall

Bartell

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

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This study quantifies the potential impacts on ship-defense high-energy-laser (HEL) performance due to atmospheric effects in the marine boundary layer driven by recent observations and analysis of worldwide sea surface temperatures (SSTs). The atmospheric effects are defined using the worldwide probabilistic climatic database available in the High Energy Laser End-to-End Operational Simulation (HELEEOS) model, which includes an SST database for the period 1854-1997. A more recent worldwide sea surface temperature database was provided by the Naval Postgraduate School for the period 1990-2008. Mean differences and trends between the two SST databases are used to deduce possible climate change impacts on simulated maritime HEL engagements. The anticipated effects on HEL propagation performance are assessed at an operating wavelength of 1.0642 mm across the world's oceans and mapped onto a 18 3 18 grid. The scenario evaluated is near surface and nearly horizontal over a range of 5000 m in which anticipated clear-air maritime aerosols occur. Summer and winter scenarios are considered. In addition to realistic vertical profiles of molecular and aerosol absorption and scattering, correlated optical turbulence profiles in probabilistic (percentile) format are used.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Description Of the Heleeos Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate Change: Anticipated Effects on High-Energy Laser Weapon Systems in Maritime Environments

Fiorino

Randall

Bartell

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

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Experimental and numerical analysis of atmospheric propagation of high energy laser

et al. 2015

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The transmission of high power laser radiation through the air is influenced by atmospheric turbulence. As a result the beam experiences variations regarding its position and its distribution, which increase with increasing propagation length. In order to analyze the atmospheric influence on the laser beam propagation a disk laser with a maximum output power of 6 kW and a wavelength of 1.03 µm is operated on the 130 m long free transmission laser test range at Lampoldshausen. The test range is equipped with a variety of sensors, which continuously monitor the current status of the weather conditions. Power sensors and camera systems at the beginning and the end of the test range measure the laser beam parameters before and after propagation. First measurements of atmospheric power transmission, diameter change of the laser beam and deviation of its center of gravity are performed on a sunny and on a rainy day and are compared with turbulence strength, visibility and rainfall. The results show good correlation between the optical parameters and the weather conditions. Following measurements will be performed at different weather conditions and seasons. Experimental results will be compared to a numerical analysis.

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Atmospheric propagation of high power laser radiation at different weather conditions

et al. 2016

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Applications based on the propagation of high power laser radiation through the atmosphere are limited in range and effect, due to weather dependent beam wandering, beam deterioration, and scattering processes. Security and defense related application examples are countermeasures against hostile projectiles and the powering of satellites and aircrafts. For an examination of the correlations between weather condition and laser beam characteristics DLR operates at Lampoldshausen a 130 m long free transmission laser test range. Sensors around this test range continuously monitor turbulence strength, visibility, precipitation, temperature, and wind speed. High power laser radiation is obtained by a TruDisk 6001 disk laser (Trumpf company) yielding a maximum output power of 6 kW at a wavelength of 1030 nm. The laser beam is expanded to 180 mm and focused along the beam path. Power and intensity distribution are measured before and after propagation, providing information about the atmospheric transmission and alterations of diameter and position of the laser beam. Backscattered laser light is acquired by a photo receiver. As a result, measurements performed at different weather conditions show a couple of correlations to the characteristics of the laser beam. The experimental results are compared to a numerical analysis. The calculations are based on the Maxwell wave equation in Fresnel approximation. The turbulence is considered by the introduction of phase screens and the "von Karman" spectrum.

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Propagation variability assessments of ship defense HEL and HPM performance in worldwide maritime boundary layer environments at wavelengths of 1.0642 μm, 2.141 μm, 3.16 mm and 12.2 cm

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Climate Change: Anticipated Effects on High-Energy Laser Weapon Systems in Maritime Environments

Climate Change: Anticipated Effects on High-Energy Laser Weapon Systems in Maritime Environments

Experimental and numerical analysis of atmospheric propagation of high energy laser

Atmospheric propagation of high power laser radiation at different weather conditions

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