Propene

Eisele, Peter; Killpack, Richard

doi:10.1002/14356007.a22_211.pub2

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Propylene is produced in the United States primarily as either a byproduct of ethylene production from petroleum crackers or by propane dehydrogenation. Propane dehydrogenation is an endothermic equilibrium reaction with an overall yield of 90% . Further, the energy required to produce enriched or high purity propylene is considered in this environmental assessment .…”

Section: Environmental Impact Assessments Of the Po Processes: Method...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Propane dehydrogenation is an endothermic equilibrium reaction with an overall yield of 90% . Further, the energy required to produce enriched or high purity propylene is considered in this environmental assessment . This analysis incorporates the impact of transporting feedstock from the exporting nations to the United States.…”

Section: Environmental Impact Assessments Of the Po Processes: Method...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Economic and Environmental Assessments of H₂O₂-based and Tertiary Butyl Hydroperoxide-based Propylene Oxide Technologies

Ghanta

Fahey

Busch

et al. 2013

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Until a decade ago, the industrial technologies for producing propylene oxide from propylene were predominantly based on variations of the venerable chlorohydrin and organic hydroperoxide processes. Within the past decade, highly selective H 2 O 2 -based propylene epoxidation technologies have been developed by Dow-BASF (HPPO process) and the University of Kansas Center for Environmentally Beneficial Catalysis (CEBC-PO process). We present comparative economic and environmental impact analyses based on plant scale simulations of the processes for an assumed 200,000 tonnes/yr of PO production capacity and employing relevant process data from the literature. The predicted capital costs for the CEBC-PO process ($228 million) and HPPO process ($275 million) are lower than the conventional PO/ TBA process ($372 million). The PO production costs via the conventional PO/TBA and HPPO processes are 150.4¢/lb PO (profit 87.9¢/lb, assuming a market value of 41¢/lb for the TBA co-product and 42¢/lb for the enriched propane co-product) and 107.1¢/lb PO (profit 36.1¢/lb, assuming a market value of 42¢/lb for the enriched propane co-product), respectively. For the CEBC-PO process, the production cost is 90.6¢/lb PO (profit 30.4¢/lb), assuming a life of one year for the methyltrioxorhenium catalyst and a catalyst leaching rate of 9.3 × 10 −2 lb/h (or 1.6 ppm Re in the reactor effluent). The comparative economic analysis suggests that the CEBC-PO process has potential for being economically competitive and establishes quantitative catalyst performance metrics for achieving the same. Quantitative cradle-to-gate LCA shows that the environmental impacts of producing PO by the conventional PO/TBA, HPPO, and CEBC-PO processes are of the same order of magnitude. The lower GHG emissions predicted for the HPPO and CEBC-PO technologies, compared to the PO/TBA process, lie within the prediction uncertainty of this analysis. This comparative LCA analysis traces the adverse environmental impacts to sources outside the propylene oxide plant in all three processes: fossil fuel-based energy (natural gas, transportation fuel) utilization during raw material (i-butane, propylene and hydrogen peroxide) production.

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Section: Environmental Impact Assessments Of the Po Processes: Method...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmental Impact Assessments Of the Po Processes: Method...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Economic and Environmental Assessments of H₂O₂-based and Tertiary Butyl Hydroperoxide-based Propylene Oxide Technologies

Ghanta

Fahey

Busch

et al. 2013

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…The demand for olefins, especially propene, is expected to increase significantly in the near future. Propene was the first petrochemical raw material to be employed on an industrial scale and is important for the production of polymers, mainly for the production of polypropylene, but also in the production of cumene, acrylonitrile, and acrylic acid/acrolein or propylene oxide 1. In 2002, approximately 61% of propene production was via steam cracking and 34% was obtained by catalytic cracking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of technologies are available commercially for the DH of propane to propene: these include Oleflex developed by UOP (Des Plaines, IL); Catofin developed by Air Products and Chemicals (Allentown, PA); and Uhde's STAR developed by Phillips Petroleum (Bartlesville,3 OK). These processes differ in their modes of operation, the DH catalyst, and the methods of catalyst regeneration 1. The Uhde STAR process achieves a propene yield of 35.6% per pass at a propane selectivity of 89%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative dehydrogenation of propane in a perovskite membrane reactor with multi‐step oxygen insertion

et al. 2010

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A membrane reactor incorporating a hollow fiber with successive parts of oxygen permeable and passivated surface segments has been developed and was used for the oxidative dehydrogenation (DH) of propane. This membrane geometry allows a controlled oxygen feeding into the reactor over its axial length. In the oxidative DH, the thermodynamic limitation of propane DH can be overcome. By using this novel hollow fiber membrane reactor with a Pt/Sn/K DH catalyst, oxygen separation and propene formation could be established even at temperatures as low as 625 degrees C with long-term stability. Combining the hollow fiber membrane and the DH catalyst, the highest propene selectivity of 75% was observed at a propane conversion of 26% and 625 degrees C whereas the best propene yield of 36% was obtained at 675 degrees C (48% propene selectivity). The performance of this reactor is evaluated by applying various reaction conditions

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“…Because of their volatility and low energy density, these materials cannot be used as transportation fuels on a large scale. While pure light alkenes such as ethylene and propylene are extensively used in polymer and chemical synthesis, mixed alkane/alkene streams, which are unsuitable as monomers or precursors, are abundant byproducts of catalytic cracking and Fischer–Tropsch synthesis . Furthermore, with increased exploitation of natural gas, heavy oils from bitumen and kerogen, and lignocellulose, the proportion of light hydrocarbons in the global energy mix will only increase.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Upgrading Light Hydrocarbons via Tandem Catalysis: A Dual Homogeneous Ta/Ir System for Alkane/Alkene Coupling

et al. 2013

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Light alkanes and alkenes are abundant but are underutilized as energy carriers because of their high volatility and low energy density. A tandem catalytic approach for the coupling of alkanes and alkenes has been developed in order to upgrade these light hydrocarbons into heavier fuel molecules. This process involves alkane dehydrogenation by a pincer-ligated iridium complex and alkene dimerization by a Cp*TaCl 2 (alkene) catalyst. These two homogeneous catalysts operate with up to 60/30 cooperative turnovers (Ir/Ta) in the dimerization of 1-hexene/n-heptane, giving C 13 /C 14 products in 40% yield. This dual system can also effect the catalytic dimerization of n-heptane (neohexene as the H 2 acceptor) with cooperative turnover numbers of 22/3 (Ir/Ta).

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Propene

Abstract: The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Physical Properties … Show more

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Comparative Economic and Environmental Assessments of H₂O₂-based and Tertiary Butyl Hydroperoxide-based Propylene Oxide Technologies

Comparative Economic and Environmental Assessments of H₂O₂-based and Tertiary Butyl Hydroperoxide-based Propylene Oxide Technologies

Oxidative dehydrogenation of propane in a perovskite membrane reactor with multi‐step oxygen insertion

Upgrading Light Hydrocarbons via Tandem Catalysis: A Dual Homogeneous Ta/Ir System for Alkane/Alkene Coupling

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Propene

Abstract: The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Physical Properties … Show more

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Comparative Economic and Environmental Assessments of H2O2-based and Tertiary Butyl Hydroperoxide-based Propylene Oxide Technologies

Comparative Economic and Environmental Assessments of H2O2-based and Tertiary Butyl Hydroperoxide-based Propylene Oxide Technologies

Oxidative dehydrogenation of propane in a perovskite membrane reactor with multi‐step oxygen insertion

Upgrading Light Hydrocarbons via Tandem Catalysis: A Dual Homogeneous Ta/Ir System for Alkane/Alkene Coupling

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Product

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Comparative Economic and Environmental Assessments of H₂O₂-based and Tertiary Butyl Hydroperoxide-based Propylene Oxide Technologies

Comparative Economic and Environmental Assessments of H₂O₂-based and Tertiary Butyl Hydroperoxide-based Propylene Oxide Technologies