Properties and applications of nanoclay composites

Mattausch, Hannelore

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-29962-6.00005-4

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…6 Since nanocomposites (NCs) are prepared to improve properties by the incorporation of small amounts of nano-sized fillers into polymer matrices, the use of biopolymers as polymer matrices may also be useful to form promising materials with improved properties that additionally preserve material biodegradability without ecotoxicity. 7,8 Montmorillonites (MMTs) have a great industrial value due to their plate morphology intercalative capacity, 9 which makes them one of the most used nanofillers in the present days. Ray et al 10 used three layered silicates: MMT, saponite, and synthetic fluorine mica (the three of them with different organic modifications) to prepare PLA NCs by twin-screw extrusion followed by compression molding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of low nanoclay content on the physico-mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites

Robledo‐Ortíz

Campo

López-Naranjo

et al. 2018

Polymers and Polymer Composites

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In this work, three different nanoclays (1.44P, 1.34MN, and Cloisite 15A) were used to reinforce an injection grade poly(lactic acid) (PLA). The nanocomposites (NCs) were prepared using three different nanoclay concentration levels (1, 3, and 5 wt%) in a twin-screw extruder. To evaluate their mechanical performance (static and dynamic tests) and thermal properties, the respective samples were obtained by injection molding. Results showed that the three nanoclays significantly increased the tensile and flexural modulus of the injection grade PLA. The 1.34MN NCs also showed improvement in the tensile strength. An increment in flexural strength was obtained with 1.34MN and 1.44P nanoclays, while with nanoclay 15A, the flexural strength decreased. Additionally, the use of 5 wt% of 1.44P nanoclay allowed an increase in impact strength while using 1.34MN and 15A nanoclays, the impact strength was similar to the one observed for pure PLA. In general, mechanodynamic analysis results showed that storage modulus increased with nanoclay content; while thermogravimetric analysis indicated that none of the nanoclays has a significant effect over the degradation temperature of pure PLA. Differential scanning calorimetry results showed that the crystallinity of PLA is enhanced with nanoclay inclusion. For 1.34MN NCs, X-ray diffraction observations exposed that the mineral clay relative intensity peaks disappeared indicating nanoclay exfoliation, which contributes to the increase in tensile and flexural strength in the NCs. Nevertheless for 1.44P and 15A nanoclays, an increase in the interlayer distance (intercalation) was detected.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of low nanoclay content on the physico-mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites

Robledo‐Ortíz

Campo

López-Naranjo

et al. 2018

Polymers and Polymer Composites

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“…The R-squared value for this correlation was calculated as 0.96. Montmorillonite has a large industrial value due to its high aspect ratio, plate morphology intercalative capacity, natural abundance, and relatively low cost compared to other nanofillers that have higher price and more sensitive processing [48]. Nevertheless, as can be seen from the overall results from this research, adding small percentages of OMT obtains little benefit on the overall fire properties.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Fire Properties of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Enhanced with Organic Montmorillonite and Exolit Fire Retardant

2019

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In this paper an experimental investigation on fire retardancy of a new polymer nanocomposite derived from organic montmorillonite and exolit fire retardant in an acrylonitrile- butadiene-styrene copolymer by analyzing the flammability and fire behavior is described. The samples were prepared by melting and mixing nanocomposites and fire retardant in different concentrations in an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene base polymer. It was found that using only one component (organic montmorillonite or fire retardant) the burning stops in 10 s on the sample. Confirmation of synergy in flammability by combining both montmorillonite and flame retardants was noticed and is discussed regarding the flame-retardant mechanisms assessed by means of the Limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL 94, and cone-calorimeter methods. The acrylonitrile- butadiene-styrene preparation with 15–20 wt% fire retardant and 1–2 wt% organic montmorillonite reached a UL-94 V-0 classification, contrasting with the pure acrylonitrile- butadiene-styrene and the acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene with 15 wt% fire retardant and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene with 1–2 wt% organic montmorillonite formulations, which completely burned. Finally, the samples showed a very good synergy going to a higher reduction of the peak heat release rate and to a minimum mass reduction, as obtained from cone calorimeter tests.

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“…MMT with general formula of (Na,Ca) 0,3 (Al, Mg) 2 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 2 •n(H 2 O) could become plastic when adding water and turn to soil-like form at dry condition. 2,37 In general, clay minerals are present in the form of fine-grained natural structure in a sheet-like geometry. Clays exist in either airborne size (0.1-2.5 mm) or ultrafine size (<0.1 mm), 35 which requires extra careful handling during research conducted.…”

Section: Montmorillonitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, this clay filler has a lower cost of production than silica 37 that turn it up to become active material for PEM fuel cell research, including DMFC. Few studies proved that only a small amount of MMT in hybrid membranes could already portray excellent cell performance, 38 that is, good water retention, 33 high mechanical strength, and thermal stability up to 250°C 39 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon nanotube, graphene oxide and montmorillonite as conductive fillers in polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cell: an overview

2020

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Summary This study discusses three conductive materials—carbon nanotube, graphene oxide, and montmorillonite which recently being used as fillers in membranes of fuel cell application and commonly hybridized with polymers as the matrix. The polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is using a polymer‐based membrane as the electrolyte, which might require filler or functionalization to enhance their cell performance. This review provides brief information for the researcher who insists on improving the current PEM using these potential fillers, specified with required values of membrane properties measurement. It also entails the special features of the nanofillers concerning their chemical structure and electrochemical properties based on recent studies. As electricity is generated from an external fuel source, the membranes that are used should be more than 0.1 S/cm of proton conductivity, low fuel permeability (< 1.37 x 10−6 cm2/s), cheap, and high stability in dry and wet condition. PEM is widely being utilized together with filler(s) incorporated as a purpose to overcome recent drawbacks encountered by the commercial Nafion membrane solely. Hence, the fillers embedded in the membrane are necessarily to have the promising characteristics, acknowledging the potential performances of three conductive nanofillers of (a) carbon nanotubes which is well‐known of its electrical conducting potential with three cylindrical design, (b) graphene oxide which is a reactive carbonaceous material with its multifunctional groups and (c) montmorillonite which is one of the clay types that has tetrahedral and octahedral layers of alumina‐silicates for producing better hybrid polymer electrolyte membrane. Highlights Carbon nanotube, graphene oxide, and montmorillonite are highly promising conductive fillers with outstanding cell performances based on previous studies. Carbon nanotube, graphene oxide, and montmorillonite are chosen as incorporated fillers recently due to their rolling up direction (chirality vector of graphene sheet), reactive functional groups attached on the carbon atoms and ionic multilayers of the tetrahedral and octahedral sheet, respectively. High proton conductivity, low electronic conductivity, low fuel permeability, low water transport, low production cost, and high mechanical stability in both dry and wet condition are properties that should be portrayed by a good hybrid membrane.

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Properties and applications of nanoclay composites

Cited by 18 publications

References 131 publications

Effect of low nanoclay content on the physico-mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites

Effect of low nanoclay content on the physico-mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites

Fire Properties of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Enhanced with Organic Montmorillonite and Exolit Fire Retardant

Carbon nanotube, graphene oxide and montmorillonite as conductive fillers in polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cell: an overview

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