Properties and development of channel calcretes in a mountain catchment, Tabernas Basin, southeast Spain

Nash, David J.; Smith, Roger F.

doi:10.1016/s0169-555x(02)00216-7

Cited by 40 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The presence of more sparry cements within otherwise simple micritedominated fabrics is documented in a variety of groundwater calcretes (Tandon and Narayan, 1981;Nash and Smith, 1998;Mack et al, 2000). Similar vertical variability in calcite crystallinity has been described in channel calcretes in southeast Spain by Nash and Smith (2003), where it is suggested to be related to longer porewater residence times in lower sections of profiles. The partial replacement of quartz and other grains by micrite or microspar in some samples is also suggestive of longer periods of interaction between host sediments and circulating porewater solutions.…”

Section: Carbon and Oxygen Stable Isotope Geochemistrysupporting

confidence: 52%

“…In both types, a minor proportion of the carbonate may be supplied via atmospheric input, but the main carbonate source is shallow groundwater moving laterally into and along the channel/valley. As with pedogenic calcrete, evaporation or evapotranspiration may be important mechanisms triggering carbonate precipitation in near-surface sediments, but CO2 degassing associated with a fluctuating water table is likely to be more significant at depth (Nash and McLaren, 2003;Nash and Smith, 2003). Studies of valley calcretes within Australian paleodrainage systems suggest that the thickest calcretes form within the zone of groundwater fluctuation, with their thickness attributed to progressive carbonate accumulation associated with a fluctuating but gradually falling water table (Arakel and McConchie, 1982;Arakel, 1986Arakel, , 1991Jacobson et al, 1988).…”

Section: Valley and Channel Calcretesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The West Water Formation (Hualapai Plateau, Arizona, USA) as a calcrete-paleosol sequence, and its implications for the Paleogene-Neogene evolution of the southwestern Colorado Plateau

Hill

Polyak

Nash

et al. 2017

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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ABSTRACT. Analyses of stratigraphic sequences within the paleocanyons of the HualapaiPlateau, Arizona, are important because these deposits offer the only evidence for the Paleogene-Neogene geological history of the Grand Canyon area. In this paper, we focus on the origins and paleoenvironmental significance of the West Water Formation, located within the Milkweed and West Water paleocanyons on the Hualapai Plateau. We propose that the supposed "limestone unit" of the West Water Formation at and near its type section is not a limestone; rather, it is a 21 m-thick valley calcrete, overprinted by a ~1-2 m-thick pedogenic calcrete, and subsequently dolomitized in its upper-to-middle sections, with a superimposed 4 m-thick red paleosol. We also propose that this unit is not coeval in age or origin with the Long Point limestone on the Coconino Plateau, and that the presence of a complex calcretedolocrete-paleosol alters previous interpretations associated with this unit. Evidence for a calcrete-paleosol origin, beyond the West Water Formation's lack of fossils, includes: its predominantly micritic calcite-palygorskite composition; its textures characteristic of valley and pedogenic calcrete deposits (as exhibited by thin section, SEM, and TEM analyses); and its association with a relatively thick overlying red paleosol that also contains abundant palygorskite. Stable carbon and oxygen isotope values from carbonate cements are also within the range expected of a near-surface calcrete. Carbonate minerals within the calcrete-dolocrete were precipitated at or near the water table in a valley setting due to evaporation and/or CO2 degassing in a semi-arid to arid environment of deposition. High

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Section: Carbon and Oxygen Stable Isotope Geochemistrysupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Valley and Channel Calcretesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The West Water Formation (Hualapai Plateau, Arizona, USA) as a calcrete-paleosol sequence, and its implications for the Paleogene-Neogene evolution of the southwestern Colorado Plateau

Hill

Polyak

Nash

et al. 2017

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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“…For example, groundwater calcretes incorporate those that form in very different geomorphological settings such as valleys, channels, deltas and within alluvial fan sediments (Carlisle, 1983). Wright and Tucker (1991) have suggested that as most groundwater calcretes form well below the zone of biological activity they will tend to develop dense micritic alpha fabrics but this is often not the case (for example see Nash and Smith, 2003). Nash and McLaren (2003) and Nash and Smith (2003) discuss the problems associated with attempting to distinguish between the different calcrete types.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics, evolution and distribution of Quaternary channel calcretes, southern Jordan

McLaren

2004

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Cemented and calcretized conglomerates of Quaternary age are found within ancient river channels exposed at various heights (between +1 and +125 m) above the current bed of the Wadi Dana in southern Jordan. In cross-section, the calcrete deposits are typically lensoid in shape and are found infilling palaeochannels cut into the bedrock. The fossilized channel sediments preserve evidence of past river conditions, sediment loads, source areas, phases of river down-cutting and sediment accretion, as well as post-depositional alteration processes.Samples have been analysed in thin section and under the scanning electron microscope in order to determine the calcrete micromorphology, cement types and crystal sizes. The results show that the river deposits have undergone significant displacement and replacement of the detrital grains by CaCO 3 , and this has resulted in the cementation in places of over 4 m of river material. The cements display an alpha-type fabric with no evidence of biogenic activity. The nature of the cement fabric within and between deposits differs as a function of two key variables: (i) the specific location within the channel and (ii) height above the modern wadi floor. Firstly, in many of the deposits cement crystal size varies, with sparite dominating at depth within impermeable palaeowadi channels, whereas on the flanks of the channels and near the top of the channels micrite is the main type of cement. These variations are thought to be a result of differences in the length of residence time of calcium carbonate-rich fluids in different parts of the channel and the spatially varying influence of evaporation. Secondly, distinct changes in cement fabric can be seen in channels of different ages with a reduction in the amount of micrite and an increase in the amount of secondary recrystallized pore-filling spar over time.

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“…29 tectonics, climate and lithological controls) throughout the Quaternary (Harvey et al, 2003; 30 Nash and Smith;. The basin is one of a series of interconnected Neogene sedimentary 31 basins located within the Internal Zone of the Betic Cordillera (Betics) (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-grain and multi-grain OSL dating of river terrace sediments in the Tabernas Basin, SE Spain

Geach

Thomsen

Buylaert

et al. 2015

Quaternary Geochronology

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Stokes, M. (2015). Single-grain and multi-grain OSL dating of river terrace sediments in the Tabernas Basin, SE Spain. Quaternary Geochronology, 30(Part B), 213-218. DOI: 10.1016213-218. DOI: 10. /j.quageo.2015 Abstract 12River terraces represent important records of landscape response to forcing 13 mechanisms (e.g. tectonic uplift and climatically driven changes in sediment availability) in 14 the Iberian Peninsula. In this study, Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating was 15 used to date sediments in two principal river terraces in the Tabernas Basin, SE Spain. A 16 total of 23 samples were collected from the fluvial terraces for dating using quartz OSL. 17Sixteen of the samples could not be dated because of low saturation levels (e.g. typical 2xD 0 18 < 50 Gy). The remaining seven samples (5 fossil and 2 modern analogues) were 19 investigated using both multi-grain and single-grain analysis. Single grain results show that: 20 (i) measurements from multi-grain aliquots overestimate ages by up to ~ 4 ka for modern 21 analogues and young samples (< 5 ka), and (ii) that the presence of many saturated grains 22 has biased the multi-grain results to older ages. Despite the unfavourable luminescence 23 characteristics we are able to present the first numerical ages for two terrace aggradation 24 stages in the Tabernas Basin, one at ~16 ka and the other during the Mid-Late Holocene. 25 26

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Properties and development of channel calcretes in a mountain catchment, Tabernas Basin, southeast Spain

Cited by 40 publications

References 23 publications

The West Water Formation (Hualapai Plateau, Arizona, USA) as a calcrete-paleosol sequence, and its implications for the Paleogene-Neogene evolution of the southwestern Colorado Plateau

The West Water Formation (Hualapai Plateau, Arizona, USA) as a calcrete-paleosol sequence, and its implications for the Paleogene-Neogene evolution of the southwestern Colorado Plateau

Characteristics, evolution and distribution of Quaternary channel calcretes, southern Jordan

Single-grain and multi-grain OSL dating of river terrace sediments in the Tabernas Basin, SE Spain

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