Properties and Stability of Fire-Retardant Rigid Polyurethane Foams from Phosphonopropionate Polyols

Abstract

gave a , of 0.002, whereas at A = 0 (pure ra-butylamine) the observed viscosity (6 cps) gave a , of 0.157. From the specific gravity of the amine (0.74) and the 1 to 1 complex (0.80), 0i for 2 to 1 and 3 to 1 mixtures gave theoretical values of 0.019 and 0.033, respectively, compared to observed values of 0.031 and 0.052. The viscosity lowering as calculated from Equation 2 is 32 cps (observed 60 cps) for the 2 to 1 mixture and 20 cps (observed 30 cps) for the 3 to 1 mixture. This deviation from observed values is not unexpected (Irany, 1943), since these liquid mixtures do not form an ideal solution and neither liquid is nonpolar.Within the butylamine, the viscosity of the adduct increased from -> iso-> sec-> ¿erí-butylamine. This difference in viscosity appears to be too large to explain

Structure-properties relationships of cellular materials from biobased polyurethane foams

“…Furthermore, with the same goal, carbohydrates were modified with an alkyl chain to improve the mixing with the PUF components [186]. The 36 synthesis of phosphorous-containing polyols with FR properties was achieved by the esterification of sorbitol and sucrose derivatives with dialkyl phosphonopropionate [187] or the treatment of propoxylated starch with polyphosphoric acid [188].…”

Inherently Flame-Retardant Flexible Polyurethane Foam with Low Content of Phosphorus-Containing Cross-Linking Agent

“…23,24 It has been widely demonstrated that the most suitable reactive flame retardants for rigid polyurethane foams are mainly phosphoruscontaining polyols, such as 2,2′-((bis(hydroxymethyl) phosphoryl)methylazanediyl)diethanol, tris(dipropylene glycol)phosphonate, diethyl-N,N′-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-aminomethylphosphonate, diethyl-N,N′-diethanolaminomethylphosphate, and morpholinophosphoryldimethanol. 20,25,26 Several new phosphorus-containing polyols, based on tetrakis-(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC), have been used for rigid polyurethane foams, being introduced into the polyurethane main chain in the chain-extension step. 25,27−29 Moreover, the modified rigid polyurethane foams showed good flame resistance.…”

“…In general, reactive-type flame retardants are mostly based on halogens and phosphorus. − Recently, selected halogen-containing flame retardants have been banned because they have poor environmental profiles, along with some human health and toxicity effects. For this reason, there is a strong desire to develop effective nonhalogenated flame retardants with superior environmental profiles and the ability to react with foams and not leach into the environment. , It has been widely demonstrated that the most suitable reactive flame retardants for rigid polyurethane foams are mainly phosphorus-containing polyols, such as 2,2′-((bis(hydroxymethyl) phosphoryl)methylazanediyl)diethanol, tris(dipropylene glycol)phosphonate, diethyl- N , N ′-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)aminomethylphosphonate, diethyl- N , N ′-diethanolaminomethylphosphate, and morpholinophosphoryldimethanol. ,, Several new phosphorus-containing polyols, based on tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC), have been used for rigid polyurethane foams, being introduced into the polyurethane main chain in the chain-extension step. ,− Moreover, the modified rigid polyurethane foams showed good flame resistance. Usually, these phosphorus-containing polyols are used as chain extenders or reactive monomers for rigid polyurethane foams; however, they are rarely used for FPUF.…”

A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis of Flame-Retardant Rigid Polyurethane Foam from 1963 to 2021

“…This is because RPUF synthesis is directly related to these fields. At present, the main methods for preparing RPUF in industrial production are the prepolymer method, semi-prepolymer method, and one-step method [ 42 ]. The prepolymer method reacts polyester or polyether with polyisocyanate to form prepolymer and then mixes the formed prepolymer with a catalyst, foaming agent, and other preparation materials to form RPUF.…”