Properties and utilization of waste tire pyrolysis oil: A mini review

Influence of Specific Power on the Solid and Liquid Products Obtained in the Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis of End-of-Life Tires

“…Table 3 shows the compounds identified by GC-MS classified by chemical family. The major compound identified in oil samples from tires pyrolysis is limonene, which is of great interest in the chemical industry because of its wide field of application as a solvent, manufacture of adhesives, fragrances, etc., [54]. Regarding the formation mechanism, some authors argue that the pyrolysis process gives rise to a homolytic breaking of one of the C-C single bonds between two double bonds (β-cleavage) present in the natural rubber monomer, producing a radical that, by intramolecular cyclization, yields limonene [32,[55][56][57].…”

Developments in waste tyre thermochemical conversion processes: gasification, pyrolysis and liquefaction

“…Zhang et al, has attributed the low ash point to the high presence of volatile hydrocarbons in the TDO. 14 The high density of TDO has damaging effects in the combustion engine's performance and also generates sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ), noxious oxide (NO x ), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons and smoke emissions in the exhaust gas. 71 Lastly, a low viscosity is preferred for the purpose of aiding oil pumping and engine performance.…”

“…The cross-linked elastomers are rigid, insoluble and inseparable thermoset. 47 Waste tyres possess a relatively high heating value (38–45.0 MJ kg −1 ) 14 relative to other waste materials such as biomass (22.2–28.5 MJ kg −1 ), 65 food waste (3.667–9.920 MJ kg −1 ), 66 animal manure (12–15 MJ kg −1 ) 25 and plastics (24–44 MJ kg −1 ) 67 as well as common fossil fuels such coal lignite (16.98 MJ kg −1 ) and subbituminous (33.04 MJ kg −1 ). 68 …”

“…9 Since the early 90s, researchers have been embarking on research and development of thermochemical conversion processes that will play a critical role in alleviating the energy supply deciency. The novelty in these processes is that different material feedstocks, commonly coal, [10][11][12] including waste products such as waste tyres, [12][13][14] biomass; [15][16][17] plastics; [18][19][20] food waste; [21][22][23] microalgae; 24 and animal manure 25 etc. can be employed to yield high-end nal products.…”

A Review of the Desulfurization Processes Used for Waste Tire Pyrolysis Oil

“…It has been determined that WTPO has a higher sulfur content (0.7-1.7) than the standard liquid fuel. This high sulfur content limits the application of WTPO in real combustion engines (Table 1) [5,[11][12][13] because the presence of sulfur compounds (Figure 1) in WTPO causes the emission of highly toxic SOx, which is a considerable environmental and health threat, during its combustion. Thus, an efficient desulfurization method to remove sulfur compounds from WTPO prior to using it alone or in commercial diesel fuels is urgently needed.…”