Properties, Chemical Characteristics and Application of Lignin and Its Derivatives

Tian, Xiaofei; Fang, Zhen; Smith, Richard L.; Wu, Zhenqiang; Liu, Mingyou

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-1965-4_1

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 172 publications

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“…In addition, the 13 C NMR spectra of lignin extracts of Andropogon gayanus and bicolor sorghum are similar to those of herbaceous crops [20]. The very high intensity of [22]. All information from these 13 C NMR spectra confirms the presence of guaiacyl, syringyl units, a small amount of p-hydroxyphenyl units and phenols, as shown by the MALDI TOF.…”

Section: Solid State Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ( 13 C Nmr)supporting

confidence: 56%

Characteristics and Mechanicals Potentials of Wood Adhesives Manufactured with Grasses’ Lignins

Karga¹,

Raïdandi²,

Konaï³

et al. 2019

MSCE

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In order to manufacture environmentally friendly particle boards and enhance local resources, the lignins of Sorghum bicolor and Andropogon gayanus characterized using RMN 13 C and MALDI TOF have the same structures. They contents Guaiacyl (G), Syringyl (S), p-hydroxyphenylpropane (H) and functional groups of phenols, flavonoids and secondary alcohols. The total phenol content determinated using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent is respectively 20.97 and 15.42 mg eqgallic acid/g of extract. The power of their adhesives is different. The Internal Bond (IB) of particleboards manufactured with these adhesives are respectively 0.37 MPa and 0.41 MPa. These lignins can be used as antioxydants.

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Section: Solid State Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ( 13 C Nmr)supporting

confidence: 56%

Characteristics and Mechanicals Potentials of Wood Adhesives Manufactured with Grasses’ Lignins

Karga¹,

Raïdandi²,

Konaï³

et al. 2019

MSCE

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“…The potential contribution of municipal sewage sludge is rather small (e.g., approximately 25 kt/day of dry biomass in the European Union (EU) in 2010 [20]), even though it is worth considering it in the context of an overall effort aimed at raw material shift from fossil fuels to renewables. With regard to industrial lignocellulosic residues, Kraft lignin from the pulp and paper industry and lignin-rich residues from bio-ethanol plants (i.e., residual enzymatic lignin) are currently made available in small quantities, with an estimated 0.19 Mt/day [21] and 0.74-2.2 kt/day [22], respectively. In spite of the small quantities currently available, lignin is attractive owing to the peculiar chemical structure, which is composed of aromatic moieties.…”

Section: Lignocellulosic Feedstocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Lignocellulosic Bio-Oils: The Potential of Fuel Upgrading and Chemical Recovery

Montesantos

Maschietti

2020

Energies

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Bio-oils derived from the thermochemical processing of lignocellulosic biomass are recognized as a promising platform for sustainable biofuels and chemicals. While significant advances have been achieved with regard to the production of bio-oils by hydrothermal liquefaction and pyrolysis, the need for improving their physicochemical properties (fuel upgrading) or for recovering valuable chemicals is currently shifting the research focus towards downstream separation and chemical upgrading. The separation of lignocellulosic bio-oils using supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) as a solvent is a promising environmentally benign process that can play a key role in the design of innovative processes for their valorization. In the last decade, fundamental research has provided knowledge on supercritical extraction of bio-oils. This review provides an update on the progress of the research in sCO2 separation of lignocellulosic bio-oils, together with a critical interpretation of the observed effects of the extraction conditions on the process yields and the quality of the obtained products. The review also covers high-pressure phase equilibria data reported in the literature for systems comprising sCO2 and key bio-oil components, which are fundamental for process design. The perspective of the supercritical process for the fractionation of lignocellulosic bio-oils is discussed and the knowledge gaps for future research are highlighted.

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“…Some strategies for achieving this include lignin purification, depolymerization and functionalization, which can be done with organic-solvent-based fractionation, thermochemical processing, and catalytic processing [ 10 , 11 ]. Recovered lignin generally exhibits a complex amorphous and highly branched structure that depends on biomass species, harvest region and, more importantly, the extraction and recovery processes employed [ 12 , 13 ]. These differences have led to international collaboration for the development of standardized methods for lignin characterization that are reliable, harmonized and reproducible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification and Variability Analysis of Lignin Optical Properties for Colour-Dependent Industrial Applications

et al. 2018

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Lignin availability has increased significantly due to the commercialization of several processes for recovery and further development of alternatives for integration into Kraft pulp mills. Also, progress in lignin characterization, understanding of its chemistry as well as processing methods have resulted in the identification of novel lignin-based products and potential derivatives, which can serve as building block chemicals. However, all these have not led to the successful commercialization of lignin-based chemicals and materials. This is because most analyses and characterizations focus only on the technical suitability and quantify only the composition, functional groups present, size and morphology. Optical properties, such as the colour, which influences the uptake by users for diverse applications, are neither taken into consideration nor analysed. This paper investigates the quantification of lignin optical properties and how they can be influenced by process operating conditions. Lignin extraction conditions were also successfully correlated to the powder colour. About 120 lignin samples were collected and the variability of their colours quantified with the CIE L*a*b* colour space. In addition, a robust and reproducible colour measurement method was developed. This work lays the foundation for identifying chromophore molecules in lignin, as a step towards correlating the colour to the functional groups and the purity.

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Properties, Chemical Characteristics and Application of Lignin and Its Derivatives

Cited by 22 publications

References 172 publications

Characteristics and Mechanicals Potentials of Wood Adhesives Manufactured with Grasses’ Lignins

Characteristics and Mechanicals Potentials of Wood Adhesives Manufactured with Grasses’ Lignins

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Lignocellulosic Bio-Oils: The Potential of Fuel Upgrading and Chemical Recovery

Quantification and Variability Analysis of Lignin Optical Properties for Colour-Dependent Industrial Applications

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