Properties evolution of flax/epoxy composites under fatigue loading

Liang, Shaoxiong; Gning, Papa-Birame; Guillaumat, Laurent

doi:10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2014.01.003

Cited by 97 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Further details on specimen preparation and the test procedure can be found in [11,21]. To specifically study the evolution of stiffness as a function of the materials fatigue life n/N f (where n is the number of cycles faced and N f is the failure life), the stiffness of the specimen was determined from the load-extension curve, as done by other researchers studying plant fibre composites [12,29], using strain measurement directly from cross-head displacement. The initial stiffness E 0 was determined from the first entire loading curve (Fig.…”

Section: Cyclic Fatigue Loadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Damage in biocomposites: Stiffness evolution of aligned plant fibre composites during monotonic and cyclic fatigue loading

Shah

2016

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing

110

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a b s t r a c tThe non-linear stress-strain behaviour of plant fibre composites is well-known in the scientific community. Yet, the important consequences of this, in terms of the evolution of stiffness as a function of applied strain and cycles to failure, are not well-studied in literature. This is despite the fact that stiffness degradation is a well-accepted indicator of damage in a composite material, and is regularly used as a component failure criterion. This article systematically explores the evolution of stiffness of various aligned plant fibre composites, subjected to (i) monotonic loading, (ii) low-cycle, repeated progressive loading, and (iii) fatigue loading. The evolution in stiffness in plant fibre composites is found to be complex: structural changes in the elementary fibre cell wall and damage development in the composite have often competing effects on stress-strain behaviour. Indeed, the evolution in stiffness of plant fibre composites is found to be unlike that typically observed in traditional composites, and therefore needs to be taken into account in the design of structural components.

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Section: Cyclic Fatigue Loadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is already a small, but growing body of work on important aspects such as the fire-performance [8][9][10], long-term fatigue behaviour [11][12][13], and dynamic behaviour [14,15] of plant fibre composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Damage in biocomposites: Stiffness evolution of aligned plant fibre composites during monotonic and cyclic fatigue loading

Shah

2016

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing

110

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“…Later, many nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques were developed to evaluate the damage of CFRP composites under fatigue, such as infrared thermographic techniques, 12 acoustic emission, 13 X-ray radiography, 14 and X-ray micro-computed tomography (mCT). 15 Liang et al 16 studied the properties of flax/epoxy composites under fatigue loading. The stiffening phenomenon of flax reinforcements which were oriented parallel to the loading direction has been confirmed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

T-T fatigue behaviors of composite T800/MTM46 cross-ply laminateand reliability analysis onfatigue life

Feng

Gao

2017

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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Static and tension-tension fatigue experiments were conducted on T800/MTM46 cross-ply composite laminates. Fatigue limit and residual strength of the survival specimens were determined. Failure modes of static specimens are characterized by brittle fracture. However, failure modes of fatigue specimens are dominated by delamination, which tends to be more serious under low stress levels. Stiffness degradation can be presented by four stages, which is different from the previous researches. Matrix-dominated damage initiates first in the exterior plies especially in exterior 90°plies. Then, various types of damage appear in interior plies when damage in exterior plies has been very serious. Fatigue life data distribution was determined. Reliability fatigue life incorporating both reliability and confidence level was calculated using the single-side allowance factor. p-g-S-N curve/surface was proposed to predict reliability fatigue life under various reliability and confidence levels.

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“…The exciting potential of NFRP composites based upon textile-woven fibres and employing thermosetting polymeric matrices has encouraged efforts to provide data on other engineering properties such as fatigue [8][9][10], compression [11], damping [12], fracture toughness [13][14][15], impact [16,17], and thermal/flammability [7,18] properties. The effects of various types of fibre architecture, such as the weave form, lay-up, and mixtures of fibre types [10,11,13,19], have also been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from wet-impregnation [8,12,28], NFRP composites based upon thermosetting matrices have been successfully processed via the relatively inexpensive infusiontype manufacturing methods such as resin infusion under flexible-tooling (RIFT) [10,22,29] or closed mould resintransfer moulding [12,18,20]. Although moisture in natural fibres, present when the NFRP composite is manufactured, is generally considered to be detrimental to the fibre-matrix interface adhesion, drying the fibres prior to infusion has not been conventionally practised.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tough, natural-fibre composites based upon epoxy matrices

et al. 2015

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Flax fibres and cellulose fibres were used to manufacture composites with particle-modified epoxy matrices in order to develop 'green' composites which possess relatively high values of interlaminar fracture energy, G c . The flax used had a unidirectional architecture of continuous yarns spun from short, interlocked fibres. The regenerated cellulose consisted of continuous and nontwisted pure cellulose fibres in a plain-woven architecture. The natural-fibre-reinforced-polymer (NFRP) composites employed an anhydride-cured diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A epoxy as the matrix. The epoxy polymeric matrix was modified with (a) silica nanoparticles, (b) rubber microparticles, and (c) a combination of both of these types of particles to give a hybrid-toughened epoxy matrix. The composites were manufactured via a resin infusion under flexible-tooling (RIFT) process. Preliminary studies on the NFRP composites manufactured using the initial-RIFT process clearly showed the deleterious effect that moisture present in the natural fibres had upon the properties of the NFRP composites, since the trapped water cannot escape from the composite panel. Hence, an optimised-RIFT process was developed whereby the natural fibres were dried in a fan oven prior to being employed in the RIFT process. This reduced the water content of the fibres from around 9 to 10 wt% to about 1 wt%. Significant improvements in the physical and mechanical properties were recorded for the NFRP composites manufactured using this optimised-RIFT process. Indeed, in particular, very dramatic improvements in the G c of the NFRP composites were measured, especially when the epoxy polymeric matrix was modified using the silica nanoparticles and/or rubber microparticles. For example, a steady-state propagation value of G c of about 1935 J/m 2 was measured for the flax-fibre composite with the hybrid epoxy matrix, compared to values of 1110 and 535 J/m 2 for the flax-fibre and glass-fibre composites based on the unmodified (i.e., the 'control') epoxy matrix, respectively.

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Properties evolution of flax/epoxy composites under fatigue loading

Cited by 97 publications

References 33 publications

Damage in biocomposites: Stiffness evolution of aligned plant fibre composites during monotonic and cyclic fatigue loading

Damage in biocomposites: Stiffness evolution of aligned plant fibre composites during monotonic and cyclic fatigue loading

T-T fatigue behaviors of composite T800/MTM46 cross-ply laminateand reliability analysis onfatigue life

Tough, natural-fibre composites based upon epoxy matrices

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