Properties of an electrostatic transducer

Medley, Andrew P.; Billson, D.R.; Hutchins, David A.; Davis, Lee A. J.

doi:10.1121/1.2357702

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Currently one of the least commonly used techniques for sound production is electrostatic loudspeaker (ESL) technology which was intensively investigated in the early 1930s through 1950s [8,15,19]. ESL technology had certain limitations that inhibited its wider adoption, and we discuss them in the next section.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D printed interactive speakers

Ishiguro

Poupyrev

2014

Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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Figure 1. 3D printed speakers: (a) Speaker is embedded into toy (b) The entire 3D printed object is a speaker, (c) Printed speakers can have arbitrary geometries ABSTRACTWe propose technology for designing and manufacturing interactive 3D printed speakers. With the proposed technology, sound reproduction can easily be integrated into various objects at the design stage and little assembly is required. The speaker can take the shape of anything from an abstract spiral to a rubber duck, opening new opportunities in product design. Furthermore, both audible sound and inaudible ultrasound can be produced with the same design, allowing for identifying and tracking 3D printed objects in space using common integrated microphones. The design of 3D printed speakers is based on electrostatic loudspeaker technology first explored in the early 1930s but not broadly applied until now. These speakers are simpler than common electromagnetic speakers, while allowing for sound reproduction at 60 dB levels with arbitrary directivity ranging from focused to omnidirectional. Our research of 3D printed speakers contributes to the growing body of work exploring functional 3D printing in interactive applications.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D printed interactive speakers

Ishiguro

Poupyrev

2014

Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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“…It has been demonstrated that ESLs allow for high quality sound reproduction, outperforming traditional electromagnetic speakers in both high and medium sound frequency ranges [18,21].…”

Section: Principles Of Esl Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The technology is well explored and published [9,18,21] and has been applied to commercial speaker systems. Recently, Ishiguro and Poupyrev [13] combined these techniques with 3D rapid printing technology to fabricate the loudspeakers as small and complex shaped objects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uminari

Ishiguro

Israr

Rothera

et al. 2014

Proceedings of the Ninth ACM International Conference on Interactive Tabletops and Surfaces

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“…Recently, novel flexible loudspeakers in futuristic applications have generated much interest [12][13][14][15]. Applications in areas such as 3C (computer, communication and consumer electronics), smart windows, smart curtains, automobile audio and children's toys have been actively discussed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Applications in areas such as 3C (computer, communication and consumer electronics), smart windows, smart curtains, automobile audio and children's toys have been actively discussed. Traditional type electret actuators have been studied since the 1970s [15,16]. Taking a typical structure, an electret-based diaphragm was placed beside perforated electrodes and separated by a set of spacers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charge storage and mechanical properties of porous PTFE and composite PTFE/COC electrets

Ko¹,

Tseng²,

Wu³

et al. 2010

E-Polymers

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Recent futuristic applications of flexible electret loudspeakers have garnered much interest for these novel loudspeakers. To increase the loudspeaker properties, a processing method was developed to improve the electret and mechanical properties of porous PTFE film. Taking a thin porous PTFE film as the base material, a cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) was coated to a base material to form a PTFE/COC composite film. Results show that the composite material improves the advantageous characteristics when used as an electret diaphragm for loudspeakers. By measuring the surface potential decay and the elastic modulus, properties of a standard porous PTFE film were compared to an improved composite PTFE/COC film. Experimental results showed that the composite PTFE/COC possess the following advantages: (1) 80% higher surface potential after 10 days at room temperature, (2) a better thermal resistance of charge storage, and (3) a 643% higher elastic modulus. Therefore, our novel composite material can be used to create a much improved electret diaphragm for flexible electret loudspeakers.

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Properties of an electrostatic transducer

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

3D printed interactive speakers

3D printed interactive speakers

Uminari

Charge storage and mechanical properties of porous PTFE and composite PTFE/COC electrets

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