Properties of an extract from Canada thistle roots that stimulates germination of dormant teliospores of Canada thistle rust (Puccinia punctiformis)

French, Richard C.; Turner, Sherry; Sonnett, Philip E.; Pfeffer, Philip E.; Piotrowski, E. G.

doi:10.1021/jf00083a034

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Jordon‐Thaden & Louda (2003) reviewed the literature on the chemistry of the genera Carduus and Cirsium , with reference to possible biological activity for insects. French et al. (1988) researched the chemistry of C. arvense in relation to thistle rust , Puccinia punctiformis (Str.)…”

Section: Structure and Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.

Tiley¹

2010

Journal of Ecology

143

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Summary1. This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Cirsium arvense that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history, conservation and management. 2. Cirsium arvense, creeping thistle (Californian thistle, Canada thistle), one of the world's most troublesome and persistent weeds, is native to Europe and the east northern hemisphere but introduced to North America and the southern hemisphere. Latitudinal distribution north or south is limited by low winter and summer maximum temperatures and by a long day requirement for flowering. 3. Cirsium arvense is believed to have originated in the temperate Middle East and its spread has closely followed human migration and agricultural activity. Colonization of new sites is by seed which establishes best in bare or disturbed ground, mirroring its prehistoric ecology as an opportunist pioneer of bare ground and organic residues. It is now a widespread and scheduled agricultural weed in both arable crops and pastures and also a constituent in over 70 British (National Vegetation Classification) plant communities, occurring mainly on waste neglected land, roadsides, hedgerows and disturbed areas. 4. Its presence in crops leads to yield losses and in pastures seriously interferes with utilization due to the deterrent effect of the leaf spines on grazing animals. This has led to a long history of investigation into control measures: mechanical, chemical, biological and integrated, which are summarized. Combination treatments and integrated control have achieved some success but effective control requires follow-up procedures over a number of seasons. Climate change studies suggest C. arvense could grow better and be more difficult to control in future. 5. Success and persistence derives from an extensive, far-creeping and deep rooting system which ensures survival and rapid vegetative spread under a wide range of soil and management conditions, and a means of escape from sub-aerial control treatments. New adventitious buds capable of shoot development can arise at any point along the horizontal roots, even when these are cut into pieces or damaged. Root buds remain dormant until released from dormancy through damage or decay of the aerial shoots. Carbohydrate root reserves, stored in swollen cortical tissue, fall to a minimum just before flowering and are then replenished for perennation during the subsequent winter. Strategies for control aim to treat the plant when root carbohydrate reserves are at a minimum, to exhaust these reserves and to prevent replenishment for further perennation. 6. Balanced against its difficulty as a weed, C. arvense has significant conservation value as a host to numerous insects, many attracted by copi...

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Section: Structure and Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.

Tiley¹

2010

Journal of Ecology

143

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“…a Shown biological activity in insects. 15, Yano, 1977; 16, Yano, 1980; 17, Takaishi et al, 1991a; 18, Baek et al, 1995; 19, French et al, 1988;20, French et al, 1994;21, Binder and French, 1994; 22, Takano and Kawaminami, 1988; 23, Bohlmann et al, 1973; 24, Negi et al, 1989; 25, Pliske et al, 1976;26, Sawaguchi et al, 1994; 27, Ismailov, 1958;28, McGowan and Wallace, 1972; 29, Woodhead and Cooper-Driver, 1979; 30, Woodhead et al, 1980; 31, Gross, 1981; 32, Lege et al, 1995;33, Fischer et al, 1990;34, Classen et al, 1990; 35, ; 36, Takano and Kawaminami, 1988. a Shown biological activity in insects. …”

Section: Occurrence and Activity In Cirsium And Carduusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry of Cirsium and Carduus: a role in ecological risk assessment for biological control of weeds?

Jordon‐Thaden

Louda

2003

Biochemical Systematics and Ecology

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Prediction of host plant range and ecological impact of exotic phytophagous insects, such as insects for classical biological control of weeds, represents a major challenge. Recently, the flowerhead weevil (Rhinocyllus conicus Fröl.), introduced from Europe into North America to control exotic thistles (Carduus spp.), has become invasive. It feeds heavily on some, but not all species of native North American thistles (Cirsium spp.). We hypothesized that such non-target use among native plants could be better predicted by knowledge of characteristic chemical profiles of secondary compounds to supplement the results of host specificity testing. To evaluate this hypothesis, we reviewed the literature on the chemistry of Cirsium and Carduus thistles. We asked what compounds are known to be present, what is known about their biological activity, and whether such information on chemical profiles would have better predicted realized host range and ecological effects of R. conicus in North America. We found an extensive, but incomplete literature on the chemistry of true thistles. Two main patterns emerged. First, consistent chemical similarities and interesting differences occur among species of thistles. Second, variation occurs in biologically active groups of characteristic compounds, specifically flavonoids, sterols, alkaloids and phenolic acids, that are known to influence host plant acceptance, selection, and feeding by phytophagous insects. Surprisingly, sesquiterpene lactones, which are characteristic in closely related Asteraceae, have not been extensively reported for Cirsium or Carduus. The minimal evidence on sesquiterpene lactones may reflect extraction methods vs. true absence. In summary, our review suggests further research on thistle chemistry in insect feeding is warranted. Also, since the exotic Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) is an invasive thistle of current concern in North America, such research on mechanisms underlying host range expansion by exotic insects would be useful.

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“…Specificity is subdivided into very high (specific to one species), high (specific to a few species of one family), low (many species of one family), very low (many species of different families). Frantzen (1994), French et al (1988), French and Lightfield (1990), Kluth et al (2003) Ascomycota 2000, Johnson and Wyse (1991), Johnson et al (1996), Lukens and Durbin (1985), Rhodehamel and Durbin (1985), duced systemically infected shoots. The importance of these observations for a possible control of C. arvense was recognized by Cockayne (1915) and Ferdinandsen (1923).…”

Section: Puccinia Punctiformismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The importance of these observations for a possible control of C. arvense was recognized by Cockayne (1915) and Ferdinandsen (1923). Later studies were carried out attempting to stimulate spore germination (French et al 1988, French 1990, French and Lightfield 1990, Frantzen 1994, to artificially spread spores in order to obtain higher infection rates (Thomas et al 1994, Guske et al 2003, Kluth et al 2003, Demers et al 2006, Wandeler and Bacher 2006, Müller et al 2011 and studying interactions between P. punctiformis and insects (Friedli and Bacher 2001a, Kluth et al 2001, Kluth et al 2002, Cripps et al 2009. Puccinia punctiformis causes two different kinds of infections, local and systemic infections.…”

Section: Puccinia Punctiformismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While local infections cause only small lesions on thistle leaves and influence the plant's performance only marginally (Kluth et al 2005), systemic infections usually kill the infected shoots within a few months, mostly before flowering (French and Lightfield 1990). Most studies were unable to reach higher rates of systemic infection than 20 to 50% by artificial inoculation (e.g., Van den Ende et al 1987, French et al 1988, Frantzen 1994, Wandeler and Bacher 2006, Müller et al 2011. This is considered inadequate for a successful suppression of C. arvense (Van den Ende et al 1987, Van Leest andScheepens 1994).…”

Section: Puccinia Punctiformismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Plant pathogens as biocontrol agents of Cirsium arvense – an overestimated approach?

Müller¹,

Nentwig²

2011

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Cirsium arvense is one of the worst weeds in agriculture. As herbicides are not very effective and not accepted by organic farming and special habitats, possible biocontrol agents have been investigated since many decades. In particular plant pathogens of C. arvense have received considerable interest and have been promoted as “mycoherbicides” or “bioherbicides”. A total of 10 fungi and one bacterium have been proposed and tested as biocontrol agents against C. arvense. A variety of experiments analysed the noxious influence of spores or other parts of living fungi or bacteria on plants while others used fungal or bacterial products, usually toxins. Also combinations of spores with herbicides and combinations of several pathogens were tested. All approaches turned out to be inappropriate with regard to target plant specificity, effectiveness and application possibilities. As yet, none of the tested species or substances has achieved marketability, despite two patents on the use of Septoria cirsii and Phomopsis cirsii. We conclude that the potential of pathogens for biocontrol of C. arvense has largely been overestimated

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Properties of an extract from Canada thistle roots that stimulates germination of dormant teliospores of Canada thistle rust (Puccinia punctiformis)

Cited by 19 publications

References 13 publications

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.

Chemistry of Cirsium and Carduus: a role in ecological risk assessment for biological control of weeds?

Plant pathogens as biocontrol agents of Cirsium arvense – an overestimated approach?

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