Polyrotaxane (PR) is a supramolecular polymer in which an axial polymer extends through multiple cyclic molecules. Specifically, PR comprises polyethylene glycol, ⊍-cyclodextrin and adamantane as the axial polymer, cyclic molecule and terminal blocking group, respectively. PR is a useful stress relaxation material because the cyclic polymers can freely slide and rotate in cyclic motions on the axial polymer. In this study, 4,4 0 -diphenylmethane bismaleimide (BMI)/2,2 0 -diallylbisphenol A (DABPA) resin was blended with PR as a toughness modifier; the effect of PR on the cured properties of BMI/DABPA resin is reported and the properties are related to the phase structure of BMI/DABPA/PR alloy. The BMI/DABPA/PR alloy formed a microphase-separated structure with PR particles dispersed in the BMI/DABPA resin matrix. Increasing PR concentration greatly improved the toughness, impact resistance and adhesiveness of the resin. The glass transition temperature also increased because the numerous hydroxyl groups of ⊍-cyclodextrins in PR formed intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the BMI/DABPA resin, forming a dense network structure. In contrast, owing to the small concentration ratio of PR to BMI/DABPA resin, the dielectric constant, dielectric loss tangent and water absorption were only slightly higher than those of the unmodified resin.