Properties of bovine interferons

Abstract

This study was done in an attempt to elucidate some of the properties of bovine IFNs. Maximum levels of both fibroblast and leukocyte IFNs occurred prior to 24 h whereas maximum levels of immune IFN were not reached until after 72 h. The latter species of IFN was unstable at either pH 2 or 56 degrees C whereas both the fibroblast and leukocyte IFNs were more stable under these conditions. Studies of cross-species protection between fibroblast and leukocyte IFNs indicate that the former was more protective for other species than the latter.

Mutagenesis Mapping of RNA Structures within the Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Genome Reveals Functional Elements Localized in the Polymerase (3D pol )-Encoding Region

“…Next, we examined the effect of RNA structure disruption on replication of the FMDV replicon using mutant replicons containing CDLR-permuted sequences over different parts of the regions encoding the nsps. For this, we used two different continuous cell lines known to support FMDV replication: baby hamster kidney (BHK)-21 cells routinely used to grow FMDV for vaccine production and Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells which originate from a natural host of FMDV and appear to have functional antiviral responses ( 68 ) ( Fig. 3C ).…”

“…Mutation of ORF-SL51, ORF-SL52, or ORF-SL53 showed a much greater reduction of replicon replication in MDBK cells compared to BHK cells. MDBK cells have been shown to secrete high levels of interferon (IFN) upon stimulation ( 68 ), while BHK-21 cells are known to lack an intact IFN pathway ( 73 , 74 ). Furthermore, several published results suggest that RNA structure might directly or indirectly play a role in the modulation of antiviral responses ( 42 , 54 , 75 , 76 ).…”

Establishment of persistent foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection in MDBK cells

“…Nevertheless, there is still a gap in specific knowledge regarding the innate response to FMDV in cattle and its possible role in the development of persistence [47]. Our in vitro model of FMDV persistence in MDBK cells could be used to investigate this issue, since, contrary to BHK-21 cells (which have a defect in interferon production) [43], MDBK cells have been shown to produce relatively high levels of type I IFN [9,12,32].…”

The RNA pseudoknots in foot-and-mouth disease virus are dispensable for genome replication, but essential for the production of infectious virus

“…The effect on replication of deleting the PKs was more pronounced in MDBK cells compared to BHK-21 cells, this may reflect differential binding of bovine and hamster cellular proteins to PKs and is consistent with previous reports suggesting a role of PKs in determining host cell specificity [ 22 ]. Alternatively, these data may suggest involvement of the PK region in manipulating cellular innate anti-viral responses, which are known to be more active in MDBK cells than BHK-21 cells [ 54 – 56 ]. Viruses recovered from genomes with reduced numbers of PKs were slower growing and produced smaller plaques.…”