Properties of cadmium sulfide thin films deposited by chemical bath deposition with ultrasonication

Choi, Jun Young; Kim, Kangjin; Yoo, Ji Beom; Kim, Dong Hwan

doi:10.1016/s0038-092x(98)00047-4

Cited by 103 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The resulting colloidal solution was spin coated on glass substrate and ITO at 1500 srpm. The thickness of the film were measured using the weight differential method [9].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Nano-TiO2 Thin Film Using Spin Coating Method

Daniyan¹,

Umoru²,

Olunlade³

2013

JMMCE

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This paper presented the preparation of TiO 2 thin film on empty glass and Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) glass by spin coating method. Highly transparent titanium oxide thin films were obtained. The Optical absorption and transmission of the film prepared from both the synthesized and the commercially available TiO 2 were measured by the UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. A sharp absorption edge of the TiO 2 film was observed. The estimated energy band gap for the film of the commercially available sample was larger than that of the synthesized one.

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“…The resulting colloidal solution was spin coated on glass substrate and ITO at 1500 srpm. The thickness of the film were measured using the weight differential method [9].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Nano-TiO2 Thin Film Using Spin Coating Method

Daniyan¹,

Umoru²,

Olunlade³

2013

JMMCE

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“…Third, as the amount of CdCl 2 was increased, maintaining constant the immersion time, the log(T -1 ) values also increased. According with that discussed with Equation (2), this is directly related to the increase in thin film d. This increase in the growth rate by increasing the Cd 2+ ions amount is widely supported by the literature [56,60,[77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86]. Fourth, as reported by Ochoa-Landín et al [60], there is a slight difference between the films deposited in a reaction solution containing pH 10 borate buffer, compared with those deposited in the absence of the buffer.…”

Section: Omission Of the Ph 10 Borate Buffermentioning

confidence: 73%

Detailed Analysis of Five Aspects Addressed to Minimize Costs and Waste in the Chemical Bath Deposition of CdS Films Using the CdB–AC6H5O7–AOH–(NH2)2CS System

García-Valenzuela¹,

Castelo-González²,

Baez-Gaxiola³

et al. 2013

MSA

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Five studies were conducted in order to produce less waste and economize the application of a CdCl 2 -Na 3 C 6 H 5 O 7 -KOH-H 3 BO 3 /NaOH/KCl-(NH 2 ) 2 CS definite aqueous system in the chemical bath deposition of CdS thin films, as well as to generate supporting information helpful to explain the effects of varying certain parameters established for the use of this formulation. These studies are related to the utility of the pH 10 borate buffer, to the selection of the appropriate OH -concentration, commercial alkali, and reaction temperature, and to the reusing of the residual solution. These studies were conducted by means of optical characterization, pH measurements, energy consumption tests, and chemical analysis; and all possible implications were analyzed in detail and widely supported by the literature. It is observed that the addition of 5.0 mL of pH 10 borate buffer in the reaction solutions only causes a slight reduction in the pH value and, therefore, in the thickness of the resulted films. It is observed that a decrease in CdCl 2 concentration causes an increase in the pH values, and when such reagent concentration is varied it is necessary to determine the pH value at which the best CdS films can be obtained; this indicates the existence of an optimum pH of deposition, depending on the used reagent concentrations. It is demonstrated that the use of KOH and NaOH is interchangeable, and the advantages of NaOH are evaluated in the context of hygroscopicity, CO 2 absorption, purity, and price. It is observed that the energy consumption when depositing a determined film is lower at high temperatures, and it is concluded that the time and energy savings at high temperatures are undoubtedly advantages in the deposition process of CdS thin films. A formulation to recycle the residual solution is presented, which is very important for the reducing of residual volume, and, therefore, in the minimizing of the environmental impact. An indirect objective of this work is to generate interest in identifying those points that could be modified in other chemical formulations to minimize costs and waste.

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“…For instance, Gielen et al [32] used ultrasonic vibration to control the crystallization and agglomeration of pharmaceutical particles grown in solution, concluding that controlled ultrasonic vibration assists the generation of nuclei and suppresses agglomeration, but prolonged or intensive vibration may damage and fracture the crystals. In thin films, some earlier works have focused on vibration-assisted chemical bath deposition of ceramic thin films, e.g., [33], where it was observed that the sonication of the bulk solution results in the higher crystallinity, lower roughness, higher density, and superior properties of the resulting solid thin films. In the area of thin film deposition using casting methods, Diemer et al [34] generated low-frequency acoustic vibrations transmitted through air to the thin film of a polymer solution to tune the film crystallinity and nanostructure to fabricate high-performance organic thin film transistors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Ultrasonic Substrate Vibration on Nucleation and Crystallization of PbI2 Crystals and Thin Films

Zabihi

Eslamian

2018

Crystals

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Preparation of defect-free and well-controlled solution-processed crystalline thin films is highly desirable for emerging technologies, such as perovskite solar cells. In this work, using PbI 2 as a model solution with a vast variety of applications, we demonstrate that the excitation of a liquid thin film by imposed ultrasonic vibration on the film substrate significantly affects the nucleation and crystallization kinetics of PbI 2 and the morphology of the resulting solid thin film. It is found that by applying ultrasonic vibration to PbI 2 solution spun onto an ITO substrate with a moderate power and excitation duration (5 W and 1 min for the 40 kHz transducer used in this study), the nucleation rate increases and the crystals transform from 2D or planar to epitaxial 3D columnar structures, resulting in the suppression of crystallization dewetting. The effects of various induced physical phenomena as a result of the excitation by ultrasonic vibration are discussed, including microstreaming and micromixing, increased heat transfer and local temperature, a change in the thermodynamic state of the solution, and a decrease in the supersaturation point. It is shown that the ultrasonic-assisted solution deposition of the PbI 2 thin films is controllable and reproducible, a process which is low-cost and in line with the large-scale fabrication of such solution-processed thin films.

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Properties of cadmium sulfide thin films deposited by chemical bath deposition with ultrasonication

Cited by 103 publications

References 14 publications

Preparation of Nano-TiO<sub>2</sub> Thin Film Using Spin Coating Method

Preparation of Nano-TiO<sub>2</sub> Thin Film Using Spin Coating Method

Detailed Analysis of Five Aspects Addressed to Minimize Costs and Waste in the Chemical Bath Deposition of CdS Films Using the Cd<i>B</i>–<i>A</i>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>7</sub>–<i>A</i>OH–(NH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CS System

Effect of the Ultrasonic Substrate Vibration on Nucleation and Crystallization of PbI2 Crystals and Thin Films

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Properties of cadmium sulfide thin films deposited by chemical bath deposition with ultrasonication

Cited by 103 publications

References 14 publications

Preparation of Nano-TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Thin Film Using Spin Coating Method

Preparation of Nano-TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Thin Film Using Spin Coating Method

Effect of the Ultrasonic Substrate Vibration on Nucleation and Crystallization of PbI2 Crystals and Thin Films

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Preparation of Nano-TiO<sub>2</sub> Thin Film Using Spin Coating Method

Preparation of Nano-TiO<sub>2</sub> Thin Film Using Spin Coating Method