Properties of chromium cooled in a magnetic field

Munday, B C; Pepper, A R; Street, R. A.

doi:10.1088/0508-3443/15/5/129

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Rear‐reflector mirrors play an important role in reflecting emitted photons back into a semiconductor layer and thereby increasing the probability of PR. Thus, this method has been applied in reflection modulators, [ 51 ] photodiodes, [ 52 ] LEDs, [ 53–58 ] and solar cells, [ 59–73 ] because it is a compact and low‐profile solution to improve the efficiency of semiconductor devices. In 1991, Yoffe fabricated high‐efficiency reflection modulators using lift‐off GaAs/AlGaAs epitaxial active layers.…”

Section: Methods To Achieve Photon Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photon Recycling in Semiconductor Thin Films and Devices

Cheng

O’Carroll

2021

Advanced Science

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Photon recycling (PR) plays an important role in the study of semiconductor materials and impacts the properties of their optoelectronic applications. However, PR has not been investigated comprehensively and it has not been demonstrated experimentally in many different kinds of semiconductor materials and devices. In this review paper, first, the authors introduce the background of PR and describe how this phenomenon was originally identified in semiconductors. Then, the theory and modelling of PR is reviewed and some of the important parameters that are used to quantify PR are highlighted. Next, a variety of the methods used to achieve and characterize PR in materials and devices are discussed. Examples of how the performance parameters of different types of optoelectronic devices are affected by PR are described. Finally, a summary of the roles of PR in semiconductor materials and devices and an outlook on how PR can be used to solve existing problems and challenges in the field of optoelectronics are provided. From this review, it is apparent that PR can have a positive impact on optoelectronic device performance, and that further in‐depth theoretical and experimental studies are needed to rigorously demonstrate the advantages and importance of PR.

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Section: Methods To Achieve Photon Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photon Recycling in Semiconductor Thin Films and Devices

Cheng

O’Carroll

2021

Advanced Science

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“…(10) is a non-liner differential equation, and is so complicated that it is not easy to find a general solution. If only linear terms in (10) are retained, we have from ( 2) ( a1-4p~a) n;-2Af7 2 n 1 + 2DI7 4 n; = 0, and this equation may have a harmonic solution in a certain condition.…”

Section: Conditions Of Equilibriummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 ) The directions of q and spin moments below TN are always in <100) directions and anisotropies of susceptibilities with respect to the directions of q and spin moment have been observed by Montalvo and Marcus,8 ) Watts,9 ) Munday et al/ 0 ) Brown et al,S) Arrott et al 7 ) and Pepper and Street. 11 ) Lingelbach/ 2 ) Munday et al 10 ) and Pepper and Street 11 ) have found that susceptibility above TN increases slowly with increasing temperature, below TN it decreases rapidly with decreasing temperature, and the extra decrease just below TN is proportional to the square of the amplitude of the SDW. The value of the apparent ]ow temperature specific heat coefficient r for chromium is small as compared with the values for molybdenum and tungsten and normal paramagnetic chromium alloys.…”

Section: § 1 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic Properties of Sinusoidal Spin Density Waves by the Band Model

Shimizu

1970

Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl.

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The increase of the free energy density due to a given distribution of the antiferromagnetic magnetization 2p.nn(r) is written as a function of temperature, magnetic field, n(r) and its derivatives. To get a stable sinusoidal modulation of a simple antiferromagnetic order, the ordinary and higher-order exchange stiffness constants are expected to be negative and positive, respectively. New interaction energies between elastic strains and derivatives of n(r ), besides the ordinary magneto-elastic energy, are introduced to explain the transition between transversal and longitudinal spin density waves and the anisotropies, relative to the directions of modulation and polarization, of the susceptibility and dilatation, and the anisotropy of orbital susceptibility is discussed; the nature of the transition at the Neel temperature is also discussed. The temperature variations of the maximum moment of SDW, specific heat and susceptibility are calculated and are compared with the experimental results for chromium.

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“…[ 13–15 ] In addition, due to the predominant nonradiative recombination loss, the certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of single‐junction PSCs is still lower than the theoretical efficiency calculated by the Shockley–Queisser (SQ) theory (≈32%). [ 3,16–19 ] Finally, enough attention should be paid to the fact that the large‐scale production of PSCs is hindered by its poor long‐term stability. [ 20–22 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stabilizing Top Interface by Molecular Locking Strategy with Polydentate Chelating Biomaterials toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells in Ambient Air

Liu,

Ren,

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

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The instability of top interface induced by interfacial defects and residual tensile strain hinders the realization of long‐term stable n‐i‐p regular perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we report one molecular locking strategy to stabilize top interface by adopting polydentate ligand green biomaterial 2‐deoxy‐2,2‐difluoro‐D‐erythro‐pentafuranous‐1‐ulose‐3,5‐dibenzoate (DDPUD) to manipulate the surface and grain boundaries of perovskite films. Both experimental and theoretical evidences collectively uncover that the uncoordinated Pb2+ ions, halide vacancy and/or I‐Pb anti‐site defects can be effectively healed and locked by firm chemical anchoring on the surface of perovskite films. The ingenious polydentate ligand chelating is translated into reduced interfacial defects, increased carrier lifetimes, released interfacial stress and enhanced moisture resistance, which should be liable for strengthened top interface stability and inhibited interfacial nonradiative recombination. The universality of the molecular locking strategy is certified by employing different perovskite compositions. The DDPUD modification achieves an enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 23.17% to 24.47%, which is one of the highest PCEs ever reported for the devices prepared in ambient air. The unsealed DDPUD‐modified devices maintain 98.18% and 88.10%of their initial PCEs after more than 3000 h under a relative humidity of 10–20% and after 1728 h at 65°C, respectively.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Properties of chromium cooled in a magnetic field

Cited by 12 publications

References 2 publications

Photon Recycling in Semiconductor Thin Films and Devices

Photon Recycling in Semiconductor Thin Films and Devices

Thermodynamic Properties of Sinusoidal Spin Density Waves by the Band Model

Stabilizing Top Interface by Molecular Locking Strategy with Polydentate Chelating Biomaterials toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells in Ambient Air

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