Properties of conductive polymer hydrogels and their application in sensors

Guo, Baolin; Ma, Zhong; Pan, Lijia; Shi, Yi

doi:10.1002/polb.24899

Cited by 85 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…[225,227] Several types of conductive fillers are commonly used to formulate conductive inks, such as metal nanomaterials, [105,241,301] liquid metal, [84,227] carbon-based nanomaterials, [67,302] and conjugated polymers. [303][304][305] The thin-film conductive network could achieve high transparency, [105] whereas 3D percolation networks embedded inside polymer matrices are usually opaque. [306]…”

Section: Conductive Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The volatile additive has also been applied to further enhance the mechanical performance of PEDOT:PSS. [305,398] Lu et al developed a high-performance PEDOT:PSS hydrogel with interconnected networks of PEDOT:PSS nanofibrils [277] (Figure 3k,l). Volatile additive dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was mixed into the aqueous PEDOT:PSS with successive processes of controlled dry annealing and rehydration.…”

Section: Conjugated Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ink‐Based Additive Nanomanufacturing of Functional Materials for Human‐Integrated Smart Wearables

2020

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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Human-integrated devices include wearable and implantable devices for monitoring vital human signals or interacting with the human body. [1-3] The human-integrated devices needed to be tethered to the organs or the human skin for implementing their functions such as sensing and energy harvesting. [4-18] The economical, agile, customizable manufacturing, and integration of multifunctional device modules into networked systems with mechanical compliance and robustness will enable unprecedented human-integrated smart wearables [19-23] and usher in exciting opportunities in emerging technologies such as electronics, [24-29] wearable computation, [30-36] human-machine interface, [37-42] robotics, [43-48] and advanced healthcare. [49-54] The fabrication of stateof-the-art microelectronics involves hightemperature processing steps, which are generally incompatible with the flexible substrates (e.g., paper, polymer, fiber, etc.) [55-61] widely used in the wearable devices. Moreover, the current microfabrication technologies are not well positioned to process the emerging functional nanomaterials (e.g., nanowires [NWs] and 2D materials). [62-65] Such incomparability severely limits the pace of deploying these emerging materials (despite their unprecedented properties) in wearable and flexible device technologies. The additive manufacturing (AM) processes have emerged as potential candidates for addressing the earlier limitations of the current microfabrication technologies in fabricating flexible/wearable printed devices with diversified functionalities, e.g., energy harvesting/storage, sensing, actuation, and computation, leveraging advantages such as maskless processing, versatile ink formulation, low cost, low processing temperature, and scalability. [66-71] Researchers have devoted tremendous efforts to develop the related technologies, and several reviews have provided excellent discussions on the material formulation and process aspects of AM techniques. [63,72-79] However, to our best knowledge, there are few review reports about the ink-based additive nanomanufacturing of functional materials for human-integrated smart wearables. To fill this gap, here we review the recent progress in ink-based

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Section: Conductive Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conjugated Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ink‐Based Additive Nanomanufacturing of Functional Materials for Human‐Integrated Smart Wearables

2020

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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“…[ 1–6 ] Owing to the feasibility of multiple patterning, the GLMAs have been endowed with superior reconfigurability, providing a promising route for the realization of the next generation wearable electronics, transient devices, soft robotics, biomedical sensing, and health monitoring. [ 7–11 ] Dickey et al [ 12,13 ] and Lee et al [ 14 ] demonstrated stretchable or pressure sensors by virtue of the pressure‐dependent resistance change of GLMAs. Considering of the self‐adaptability of liquid metal, Dickey et al [ 15 ] developed self‐propelled LM droplets that led to the self‐destructing of the circuit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Metal Based Stretchable Magnetoelectric Films and Their Capacity for Mechanoelectrical Conversion

Zhou

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Gallium based liquid metal alloys (GLMAs) have tremendous prospects in diverse applications, such as transient devices, soft robotics, biomedical sensing, and health monitoring, due to being endowed with compelling deformability and conductivity simultaneously. Unfortunately, most GLMAbased flexible devices require external power supply, which might cause some potential issues including additional weight, occupied space, and frequent replacement. Alternatively, self-powered concepts, by biologically converting mechanical forces to electric energy, are deemed as a promising strategy. Thus, the challenge that GLMAs are applied to self-powered system is critical and imperative. This study has demonstrated a self-powered and stretchable magnetoelectric film based on GLMAs. The magnetoelectric film is able to conduct mechanoelectrical conversion via controllable distance of electromagnetic interaction during cyclic stretching-releasing process. To investigate the mechanoelectrical conversing mechanism, an equivalent Maxwell's numerical simulation is combined with experimental results, exploring different experimental parameters. Furthermore, diverse programmed patterning of GLMAs and structure designs are utilized to tune electrical performance. It is believed that the magnetic/electrical synergistic design principle will create a new avenue for liquid metals as functional material in the development of wearable electronics with large strains.

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“…Considerable efforts have been recently devoted to fabricating electrically conductive hydrogels as advanced strain sensors due to their outstanding flexibility, stretchability, and self‐healing properties. [ 28–29 ] Hydrogels are generally highly absorbent polymer networks that can accommodate large amount of water (more than 90%). With the availability of a broad range of environmentally benign natural or synthetic polymer materials for making the hydrogel networks, hydrogel‐based strain sensors offer good biocompatibility for human motion detection (i.e., friendly to human skin).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly sensitive, stretchable and durable strain sensors based on conductive double‐network polymer hydrogels

Pan

Peng

Chu

et al. 2020

Journal of Polymer Science

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Hydrogel-based strain sensors have been attracting immense attention for wearable electronic devices owing to their intrinsic soft characteristics and flexibility. However, developing hydrogel sensors with hightensile strength, stretchability, and strain sensitivity remains a great challenge. Herein, we report a technique to synthesize highly sensitive hydrogel-based strain sensors by integrating carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with a double-network (DN) polymer hydrogel matrix comprising of a physically cross-linked agar network and a covalently cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAAm) network. The resultant nanocomposite sensors display superior piezoresistive sensitivity with a hightrue gauge factor (GF T = 1.78) at an ultrahigh strain of 1,000%, a fast response time and linear correlation of ln(R/R 0) and ln(L/L 0) up to 1,000% strain. Most significantly, these sensors possess highmechanical strength (0.6 MPa) and superb durability (>1,000 cycles at strain of 100%), stemming from the effective energy dissipation mechanism of the first agar network acting as sacrificial bonds and the CNFs serving as dynamic nanofillers. The combination of highstrain sensitivity and ultrahigh stretchability of hydrogel sensors makes it possible to sense both small mechanical deformations induced by human motions and large strain up to 1,000%.

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Properties of conductive polymer hydrogels and their application in sensors

Cited by 85 publications

References 136 publications

Ink‐Based Additive Nanomanufacturing of Functional Materials for Human‐Integrated Smart Wearables

Ink‐Based Additive Nanomanufacturing of Functional Materials for Human‐Integrated Smart Wearables

Liquid Metal Based Stretchable Magnetoelectric Films and Their Capacity for Mechanoelectrical Conversion

Highly sensitive, stretchable and durable strain sensors based on conductive double‐network polymer hydrogels

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